Chapter 1-Intro & History of Psychology

29562655	Psychology	the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
29562656	empiricism	the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment.
29562657	structuralism	an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.
29562658	functionalism	a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
29562659	pseudopsychology	Psychology that is not based on scientific facts or studies, that is more "common sense" in some cases.
29562660	Wilhelm Wundt	Known as father of psychology. Created the first scientific laboratory. Used structural approach
29562661	William James	Stream of consciousness", created functionalism with others, wrote Principles of Psychology
29562662	psychiatry	a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.
29562663	clinical psychology	a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
29562664	counseling psychology	a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
29562665	basic research	pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
29562666	applied research	scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
29562667	nature-nurture issue	the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.
29562668	Phrenology	A now defunct theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics, ranging from memory to the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions of the brain.
29562669	Stimulus	Sensory input from the environment.
29562670	Consciousness	A person's subjective experience of the world and the mind.
29562671	Introspection	The subjective observation of one's own experience.
29562672	Natural Selection	Charles Darwin's theory that the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations.
29562673	Gestalt Psychology	A psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts.
29562674	Cognitive Neuroscience	A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity.
29562675	Psychological constructs	Used to talk about something we cannot see, touch or measure
29562676	Barnum Effect	Tendency to believe a general personality report
29562677	Clinical Psychologists	Largest group, help people with psychological problems but can't provide drugs
29562678	Counseling Psychologists	Treat people who have adjustment problems rather than serious mental disorders. Work often at universities
29562679	School Psychologists	Identify students with problems and help with placement of students
29562680	Educational Psychologists	Work on course planning and instructional methods
29562681	Developmental Psychologists	Study the changes that occur throughout a person's life span
29562682	Personality Psychologists	Identify characteristics or traits
29562683	Social Psychologists	Study people's behavior in social situations
29562684	Experimental Psychologists	Partake in basic research, research for its own sake
29562685	Industrial and Organizational Psychologists	Study behavior of people and work, like those in organizations
29562686	Environmental Psychologists	Study how people's surrounding affect them
29562687	Consumer Psychologists	Study the behavior of shoppers to predict and explain their behavior
29562688	Health Psychologists	Study how behavior and mental aspects affect health
29562689	Socrates	said "know thyself" - the beginnings of introspection
29562690	Introspection	to "look within"
29562691	John Locke	Theorized that knowledge is not inborn but is learned from experiences
29562692	B. F. Skinner	Created reinforcement theory; behaviorist approach
29562693	Sigmund Freud	creator of psychoanalysis and one of the most influential men in psychology
29562694	John B. Watson	Founder of the Behavioral approach to psychology
29562695	Psychoanalysis	Emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts
29562696	Biological Perspective	Biological processes influence behavior and mental processes
29562697	Evolutionary Perspective	Adaptive organisms survive and transmit their genes to future generations
29562698	Cognitive Perspective	Perceptions and thought influence behavior
29562699	Psychoanalytic Perspective	Unconscious motives influence behavior
29562700	Learning Perspective	Personal experience and reinforcement guide individual development
29562701	Sociocultural Perspective	Sociocultural, biological, and psychological factors create individual differences
29569731	confirmation bias	tendency to attend to evident that complements and confirms our beliefs or expectations while ignoring evidence that does not.