AP Human Geography Chapter 10 Vocab

52602744	Agribusiness	Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
52602745	Agriculture	The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
52602746	Cereal Grain	A grass yielding grain for food.
52602747	chaff	Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.
52602748	combine	A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans gram while moving over a field.
52602749	commercial agriculture	Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.
52602750	crop	Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.
52602751	crop rotation	The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
52602752	desertification	the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert
52602753	double cropping	Harvesting twice a year from the same field.
52602754	grain	Seed of a cereal grass.
52602755	green revolution	Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
52602756	horticulture	The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
52602757	hull	The outer covering of a seed.
52602758	intensive subsistence agriculture	A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
52602759	milkshed	The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
52602760	paddy	Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.
52602761	pasture	Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.
52602762	pastoral nomadism	A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
52602763	plantation	A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.
52602764	prime agricultural land	the most productive farmland
52602765	ranching	A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
52602766	reaper	A machine that cuts grain standing in the field.
52602767	ridge tillage	System of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.
52602768	sawah	A flooded field for growing rice
52602769	seed agriculture	Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization.
52602770	shifting cultivation	A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
52602771	slash and burn agriculture	Another name for shifring cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.
52602772	spring wheat	Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.
52602773	subsistence agriculture	Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family
52602774	sustainable agriculture	Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil- restoring crops with cash crops and reducing in-puts of fertilizer and pesticides.
52602775	swidden	A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.
52602776	thresh	To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it.
52602777	transhumace	The seasoned migration of livestock between mountains and low land pastures.
52602778	truck farming	Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning batering or the exchange of commodities.
52602779	vegetative planting	reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants
52602780	wet rice	Rice planted on dryland in a nursery, then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.
52602781	winnow	To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.
52602782	winter wheat	Wheat planted in the fall and harvested in the summer.