AP History Ch. 12

	era where federal government struggled to return the 11 southern states to Union, rebuild South's economy, and promote black rights
	(just say okay) African Americans didn't gain privileges or full citizenship in the 13th amendment
	plan so that 10% of voters have to take a loyalty oath to the Union and the state can set up a new government; can join Congress if abolished slavery and provided education for African Americans; didn't require political or social equality to AA and sympathized with rich white southerners
	party that believes the South should be punished for putting US in war and enslaving AA; led by Republican Thaddeus Stevens and Senator Charles Sumner; wanted full citizenship for AA and supported Sherman's plan
	rejected the 10% plan; made majority of prewar voters to swear loyalty to Union before restoration; AA equality demanded; pocket vetoed by Lincoln
	plan to provide food, clothes, healthcare, and education to black and white refugees until 1872; reunited families and negotiated fair labor contracts; represented AAs in court and fought for their legal rights
	Lincoln's VP; President after Lincoln was murdered; horrible horrible man
	(just say okay) Johnson resented wealthy southerners and had them write pardons; anti-AA voting rights, said states could limit AA rights; only requirement was to ratify and add 13th amendment to state laws
	law that sought to limit the rights of AAs and keep them as slaves; limited different job options for AA such as laborers and servants; enforced with violence
	act that sought to reverse black codes; federal guarantee of civil rights; VETOED BY JOHNSON but then unvetoed
	guaranteed equality for all; those who opposed lost seats in the House depending on size of black population
	Who couldn't hold office (state or federal)?
	divided states who hadn't readmitted yet into 5 military districts; vetoed by Johnson but then unvetoed
	to charge president with wrong doing in office
	Who was impeached when he tried to fire Radical republican Edwin Stanton? didn't resign for fear of upsetting power balance
	1869; forbid any state of denying suffrage due to race, color, or servitude history; restricted by literacy rates and property owning requirements
	Who became president in 1868 against Horatio Seymour?
	(just say okay) AA used political power, some became superintendents, sheriffs, mayors, representatives in state legislatures; 6 became lieutenant governors
	coined by Southern white critics, whites who were locked out of pre- Civil war politics by wealthy
	newcomer who typically had a cheap looking suitcase (carpet covered); took advantage of opportunities in South like the west, had an advantage over the mostly illiterate South
	separation of races; put strain on economy for having 2 of everything
	no separation of races; unpopular; ex. combined schools
	What place became a social center as well as a place for a growing leader?
	system where landowner gives sharecropper a place to stay, seeds, and tools in return for a "share"; tools bought at high interest, so sharecropper was in debt to landowner who's in debt to the supplier
	system where landowner offers place to stay for a "share" of harvest; worker has to buy own tools and is able to pick the crop; able to have more money
	system when tenant pays rent and manages own crop; had to have good money-management skills
	KKK, started in Tennessee in 1866; burned homes, churches, schools, and killed many AA and their allies; goal was to scare freed people from voting
	1870-71; federal offense to interfere with right to vote
	reaction to Grant's reelection in 1872; advocated civil service reform; remove army and end Reconstruction
	scandal in New York City (1868-1871); William Marcy Tweed headed a corrupt Democratic political machine (Tammany Hall) that looted $100-200 million from the city. Crusading journalist and others pointed to this organization and its activities as another example of the need for social and political reform.
	Northern support fades as focus shifts to scandals and reform for politics and economy; Supreme Court Decisions impeded equality (Slaughterhouse Cases); Southern Whites begin to gain power
	cases in 1873 where Supreme Court restricted scope of the 14th amendment; a state can decide how to define rights; United States vs. Cruikshank where white mob in LA kills AA
	farmer, democrat, one who explains how higher taxes are from Republicans; ostracized those who were pro Rad. Republicans; allowed AA suffrage; pro- racial segregation
	Who won election of 1876 after a recount by 1 electoral vote?
	ends Reconstruction; has 5 republican senators, 5 democratic House representatives, and 5 Supreme Court Justices; Hayes is elected; remaining troops leave the South; Southerner gets cabinet position
	changed variety of work opportunities, literacy and schooling rates, reuniting with families, and suffrage