Izzy's AP Psych Ch 08

	A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience
	Learning that certain events occur together - the events may be two stimuli or a response and its consequence
	A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli
	The view that psychology (a) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes - most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)
	In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
	In classical conditioning, a stimulus that uncondiionally - naturally and automatically - triggers a response
	In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus
	In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), comes to trigger a conditioned response
	The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response; in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response
	The diminishing of a conditioned response
	The reappearnce, after a rest period, of an extinquished conditioned response
	The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
	In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli which do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
	A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
	Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus; Skinner's term for behavior learned through classical conditioning
	Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences
	Throndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
	A chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking - used in operant conditioning research
	An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of a desired goal
	In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
	An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
	A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through it association with a primary reinforcer (also known as secondary reinforcer)
	Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs
	Reinforcing a response only part of the time - results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement
	In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
	In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
	In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
	In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
	An event that decreases the behavior that it follows
	A mental representation of the layout of one's environment
	Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
	The effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do - the person may now see the reward, rather than intrinsic interest, as the motivation for performing the task
	A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective
	A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment
	Learning by observing others
	The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
	Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so - the brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation, language learning, and empathy
	Positive, constructive, helpful behavior