Christian Societies Emerge in Europe, 600-1200 Flashcards

Adapted from "The Earth and its Peoples: A Global History," 5th ed., Chapter 9

291984906	Charlemange	king of Franks; established Carolingian Empire	0
291984907	medieval	the period 500-1500, between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance	1
291984908	Byzantine Empire	eastern part of Roman Empire from fourth century onward	2
291984909	Kievan Russia	state established at Kiev in Ukraine in 880 by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population	3
291984910	schism	a formal split within a religious community	4
291984911	manor	a large, self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence, outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land	5
291984912	serf	an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform set services for the lord	6
291984913	fief	land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide military service	7
291984914	vassal	a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord	8
291984915	papacy	the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, headed by the Pope	9
291984916	investiture controversy	dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate power over bishops in imperial lands	10
291984917	monasticism	living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty	11
291984918	horse collar	harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to its shoulders	12
291984919	Crusades	armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule	13
291984920	pilgrimage	a religious journey	14