Ch 21 WHAP Flashcards

Africa and the Africanism the age of the Atlantic Slave Trade

283977577	What were the Portuguese trading forts called?	Factories	0
283977578	What was traded in "Factories"?	Slaves, ivory, pepper, animal skins, gold	1
283977579	What did they try to do besides trade w/ Africans?	Tried dominating the existing trading system of African ports.	2
283977580	Who took over the Portuguese later?	Dutch, English, and French	3
283977581	What good did they originally seek? and What replaced it?	Gold, pepper, and other products; replaced by slaves	4
283977582	What crop required constant labor and was hardest on them?	Sugar	5
283977583	What is the estimated number of slaves forced to migrate?	12 million	6
283977584	Morality rate during Middle Passage?	10-20%; about 10-11 million actually arrived	7
283977585	Slavery difference between N.America and S.America & Caribbean?	S.America & Caribbean: Slave mortality high, fertility low, more men less women N.America: Slave pop. grew, less dangerous jobs	8
283977586	Trans-Saharan and Trans-Atlantic difference	Trans-Saharan: used women as servants Trans-Atlantic: used men as servants	9
283977587	What is the changing demography of Africa?	Population was less, and as trade developed, new crops were introduced which provided new food resources	10
283977588	What is the Triangular Trade?	Slaves were carried to Americas (Africa to America) --> Sugar and tobacco were carried to Europe (America to Europe) --> European production sent to Africa (Europe to Africa)	11
283977589	How did Europeans rationalize their part in slave trade?	They would say slavery had already existed in Europe	12
283977590	What is chattel slavery?	When people were considered property. Hint: Chatell sounds like cattle, which is property.	13
283977591	Why did slavery pay a bigger role in Africa then any other civilization?	The control of slavery was one or the only way for the wealth & status of individuals to increase	14
283977592	How does slavery relate to polygyny?	The fact that the excess of female slaves led to polygyny (having more than one wife at a time)	15
283977593	Who did Africans enslave?	Their neighbors	16
283977594	What is the "gun-slave cycle"?	It was a cycle where African tribes would sell their own people in return for guns, etc.	17
283977595	How did the "gun-slave cycle" influence African politics?	The guns gave the states more power, this let them expand to other places and gain slaves. They would later trade their slaves for gun powder.	18
283977596	What did the Asante kingdom trade?	Gold and slaves	19
283977597	What did the Benin kingdom trade?	Pepper, textiles, and ivory instead of slaves	20
283977598	Who was known as the slaving state?	Dahomey	21
283977599	What were some of the creative features of their societies that were on part w/ Europe?	The growing divine authority	22
283977600	What kind of power did the kings have?	Limited power	23
283977601	Where are most of the slaves going from the east coast of Africa?	Households of Arabia and Middle East	24
283977602	What 2 things combined caused extreme violence in the region?	New political units and centers of trade?	25
284556146	When did the Dutch establish the first colony in South Africa? Why?	1652; To serve as a provisioning place for ships sailing to Asia	26
284556147	What drove the Dutch farther inward?	Their want for finding new lands	27
284556148	Who eventually gained this as their colony?	Great Britain	28
284556149	When did the Great Britain gain this as their colony?	1795	29
284556150	What was the Great Trek?	The movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony to escape influence of British colonial gov. in 1834	30
284556151	Who rose as a great leader?	Shaka	31
284556152	When did Shaka rise as a great leader?	1818	32
284556153	What other great leader could we compare him to?	...	33
284556154	When and how was the Zulu's dominance ended?	1870's; Great Britain crushed their power	34
284556155	Who starts questioning modern slavery in the 17th Century?	English historian; Charles Boxer	35
284556156	What event or change caused them to change them to think it may be outdated?	The Enlightenment	36
284556157	What are the estimates of how many Africans were forced to migrate?	10-12 million	37
284556158	How many died marching to the slave pens on the coast?	One third of the captives	38
284556159	How many died during their trip in the Middle Passage?	Average: 18% of them In some cases, 700 out of 716 slaves died	39
284556160	What were some of the distinctions made within the slave class?	There were African-born (salt water slaves), American born descendants (Creole slaves), mulattos (part white), and free colored people	40
284556161	What differed between South and North American slave societies?	Slaves, in South America, formed most of the population	41
284556162	When did Britain abolish slavery?	1807	42
284556163	When was slavery abolished in Brazil?	1888	43