ap world history chapter 18 key terms Flashcards

ap world history

282287002	Atlantic system	The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin. (p. 497)	0
282287003	Chartered companies	Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies.	1
282287004	Dutch west India company	Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.	2
282287005	Plantocracy	In the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the eighteenth century. (p. 502)	3
282287006	driver	A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation.	4
282287007	Seasoning	An often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by slaves newly arrived in the Americas. (p. 504)	5
282287008	Manumission	A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave. (p. 505)	6
282287009	maroon	A slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America. (p. 505)	7
282287010	Capitalism	The economic system of large financial institutions-banks, stock exchanges, investment companies-that first developed in early modern Europe. Commercial capitalism, the trading system of the early modern economy, is often distinguished from industrial capitalism, the system based on machine production. (506)	8
282287011	mercantilism	European government policies of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies and accumulate precious metals by requiring colonies to trade only with their motherland country. the British system was defined by the navigation acts, the french system by laws known as the exclusif. 506	9
282287012	Royal Africa Company	A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672to conduct its merchants trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa	10
282287013	Atlantic Circuit	The network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system.	11
282287014	Middle passage	The part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.	12
282287015	Songhai	A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the sixteenth century, the Muslim Songhai Empire stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade.	13
282287016	Hausa	An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, the Hausa city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Calipphate conquered them in the early nineteenth century.	14
282287017	Bornu	A powerful West African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, which was important in trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam. Also known as Kanem-Bornu, it endured from the ninth century to the end of the nineteenth.	15