AP Psychology Personality Flashcards

142981947	Personality	the organization of enduring behavior patterns that often serve to distinguish us form one another	0
142981948	Unconscious	a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories	1
142981949	Dream Analysis	interpret the manifest and latent contents of dreams	2
142981950	Free Association	a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing	3
142981951	Psychoanalysis	Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions	4
142981952	Id	contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives.	5
142981953	Ego	the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego,, and reality.	6
142981954	Superego	the part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations	7
142981955	Psychosexual Stages	the childhood stages of development during which the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones	8
142981956	Oral Stage	Pleasure centers on the mouth- sucking, biting, chewing; 0-18 months	9
142981957	Anal Stage	Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control; 18-36 months	10
142981958	Phallic Stage	Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings; 3-6 years	11
142981959	Latency Stage	Dormant sexual feelings; 6 to puberty	12
142981960	Genital	Maturation of sexual interests; puberty on	13
142981961	Identification	the process by which children incorporate their parents' value into their developing superegos	14
142981962	Oedipus complex	a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father	15
142981963	Electra	a girl's desire for her father	16
142981964	Fixation	a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved	17
142981965	Defense Mechanism	the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality	18
142981966	Repression	the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness	19
142981967	Regression	an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated	20
142981968	Reaction Formation	the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites	21
142981969	Projection	people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others	22
142981970	Rationalization	self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions	23
142981971	Displacement	shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet	24
142981972	Denial	people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities	25
142981973	Inferiority Complex	we are each born with a sense of inferiority which we strive to overcome; Alfred Adler	26
142981974	Womb Envy	male equivalent of penis envy, males are jealous of females ability to create and sustain life; Karen Horney	27
142981975	Collective Unconscious	our species universal experiences; Jung	28
142981976	Archetypes	Animus and Anima, shadow; Jung	29
142981977	Projective Tests	a personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics	30
142981978	TAT	a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes	31
142981979	Rorshach Inkblots	the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorshach; seeks to indentify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots	32
142981980	Lack Reliability	When evaluation the same patient, even trained raters come up wit different interpretations	33
142981981	Lack Validity	projective tests may misdiagnose a normal individual as pathological	34
142981982	False Consensus Effect	the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs (speeding, cheating on our taxes, sexual activity among adolescents)	35
142981983	Self-Actualization	one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential	36
142981984	Unconditional Positive Regard	an attitude of total acceptance toward another person	37
142981985	Self concept	all of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am i?"	38
142981986	Myers-Briggs Type Indicator	the identification and description of the 16 distinctive personality types that result from the interactions among the preferences	39
142981987	Factor Analysis	Has and Sybil Eysenck; two polar dimensions: extraversion-introversion, emotional stability-instability	40
142981988	MMPI	most widely researched and clinically used test; covers a wide range of feelings and behaviors	41
142981989	The Big Five Factors	an expanded range of traits does a better job of assessment than Eysencks' dimensions	42
142981990	The Person-Situation Controversy	Argue that behaviors form a situation may be different, but average behavior remains the same. Therefore, traits do not matter	43
142981991	Reciprocal Determinism	a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personality and the social environment	44
142981992	External Locus of Control	the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate	45
142981993	Internal Locus of Control	the perception that we can control our own fate	46
142981994	Learned Helplessness	when animals or people feel that they have no control over their situation, they may behave in a helpless manner, even when the situation changes	47
142981995	Possible Selves	Positive and Negative	48
142981996	Spotlight Effect	the tendency to believe that other people are paying closer attention to one's appearance and behavior than they really are (teenagers)	49
142981997	Self-Serving Bias	we accept responsibility for good deeds and successes more than for bad deeds and failures	50