ch 23 ap world Flashcards

292634811	population revolution	huge growth in population in western Europe beginning about 1730; prelude to Industrial Revolution; population of France increased 50%, England and Prussia 100%	0
292634812	proto-industrialization	preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full-or part-time producers of textile and metal products, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders, and ultimate sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution	1
292634813	American Revolution	rebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard b/w 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventual formation on USA	2
292634814	French Revolution	revolution in France b/w 1789 and 1800; resulted in overthrow of Bourbon monarchy and old regimes; ended with establishment of French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe	3
292634815	Louis XVI	Bourbon monarch of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution	4
292634816	Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen	adopted during the liberal phase of the French Rev. stated the fundamental equality of all French citizens; later became a political source of other liberal movements	5
292634817	Guillotine	introduced as a method of humane execution; utilized to execute thousands during the most radical phase of the French Rev. known as the Reign of Terror	6
292634818	Maximilien Robespierre	a classic example of revolutionary ideology; the leader of the radical phase	7
292634819	Napoleon Bonaparte	rose w/in the French army during the wars of the French Revolution; eventually became general; lead coup that ended the French Revolution; established fresh empire under his rule; defeated and deposed in 1815	8
292634820	Congress of Vienna	meeting in the aftermath of Napoleonic wars (1815) to restore political stability in Europe and settle diplomatic disputes	9
292634821	Conservatives	political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century;opposed revolutionary goals; advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of church	10
292634822	liberalism	political viewpoint with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; stressed limited state stressed limited state interference in individual life, representation of propertied people in government, urged importance of constitutional rule and parliaments	11
292634823	radicals	political viewpoints w/origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; advocated broader voting rights than liberals in some cases advocated outright democracy; urged reforms in favor of lower classes	12
292634824	socialism	political movement with origins in western during the 19th century; urged attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production end to capitalist exploitation, of the working man	13
292634825	nationalism	political viewpoint with origins in western Europe; often allied with "isms"; urged importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on culture, race or ethnic orginin	14
292634826	Greek Revolution	rebellion in Greece against the ottoman empire in 1820; key step in gradually dismantling the ottoman empire in the Balkans	15
292634827	Reform Bill of 1832	legislation passed in Great Britain that extended the vote to most members of the middle class; failed to produce democracy in Britain	16
292634828	Chartist Movement	attempt by artisans and workers in Britain to gain the vote during the 1840s; demands for reform beyond the reform Bill of 1832 were incorporated into a series of petitions; movement failed	17
292634829	Louis Pasteur	french scientist who discovered relationship b/w germs and disease in 19th century, leading to better sanitation	18
292697503	French Revolution of 1830	installed a different king and a somewhat more liberal monarchy	19
292697504	Belgian Revolution of 1830	produced a liberal regime and a newly independent nation	20
292697505	James Watt	scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the industrial revolution	21
292697506	Factory system	method of manufacturing adopted in England at the beginning of the industrial revolution and each worker performed separate operation on the work, increasing the efficiency of production	22
292697507	French Revolution of 1848	brought protest to head and the French monarchy was expelled and a democratic republic was established briefly	23
292697508	Revolutions of 1848	failure of these revolutions of 1848 drew the revolutionary era in western europe; it taught many liberals and working class leaders that revolutions was too risky; more gradual methods should be used instead	24