India Flashcards

288497187	moutain protection	himalaya mts: highest in the world, protection from china, hindu kush: northwestern mountain range, protection from central america	0
288497188	khyber pass	vunerable spot in hindu kush; diffucult to get through; indo-aryans came through to concquer subcontinent	1
288497189	fertile plains	indus river valley of harapppan civ, indogangetic plain	2
288497190	indogetic plain	land between the indus and ganges river; great fertile land for farming	3
288497191	deccan plateau	separated northern india from southern india; cultural differences	4
288497192	bodies of water	bay of bengal, arabian sea, indian ocean; protection and trade	5
288497193	subcontinent	large land below asia; peninsula land of ancient times: present day afghanistan, pakistan, india, and bangladesh	6
288497194	harappan civilization	along indus river valley, cities: harappa and mohenjo-daro, citadel, streets, tech, pitographic writing, mystery decline	7
288497195	citadel	strong central for built on a brick platform for height; look out tower	8
288497196	streets in harappan civ	intersected at right angles	9
288497197	technology in harappan civ	indoor plumbing, flushing toilets; closed sewer system; running water, public baths	10
288497198	indo-aryan civilization	from central asia through khyber pass, skillful warriors, cows=important	11
288497199	hinduism	created by indo aryans, no founder, mono poly religion, one supreme god: brahman atman, brahma=creator, vishnu=preserver of good, siva=destroyer of evil	12
288497200	monism	life and matter are the same	13
288497201	mayaism	world is a sensory illusion; causes pain and suffering	14
288497202	materilism	causes pain and suffering	15
288497203	man is imperfect	must become perfect before becoming one with brahman- atman or arriving at moksha	16
288497204	moksha	state of complete perfection	17
288497205	reincarnation	transmigration of the soul, chances to arrive at moksha is through this	18
288497206	karma	aceptance of one's state of life in one's class system, soul will go higher if you accept karma, to be happy w/ life	19
288497207	dharma	one's obligations or responsibilities toward members of ones caste	20
288497208	vedas	religious books for hindus, explains religion and rituals, prayers and hymns, created the vedic age	21
288497209	rig veda	oldest of the vedas	22
288497210	upanishads	philosophical interpretation of hinduism done by priests	23
288497211	ganges river	most holy river, ashes scattered(religious tradition), longest, widest, dirtiest river	24
288497212	cow	most scared river; wander in india	25
288497213	yoga	form of meditation to bring harmony to both one's body and soul	26
288497214	caste system	the seperation of people according to one's varma or jati, indo-aryans created it, woman not included	27
288497215	varna	a persons skin color, helps put people in caste system	28
288497216	jati	a persons occupation, helps put people in caste system	29
288497217	brahmin	highest on class system, priests and well educated	30
288497218	kshatriya	second highest on class system, political leaders and soliders	31
288497219	vaisya	middle on class system, merchants, traders, large property owners	32
288497220	sudra	second lowest on class system, working class, little wealth	33
288497221	untouchables (harijan)	members forbidden to touch anyone in different class, garbage men, butchers, street cleaners, born w/ disease	34
288497222	polygny	having more then one wife	35
288497223	women and children	considered the property of husband/father	36
288497224	womens rights	none; subordinate and inferior to males	37
288497225	buddhism	second religion created on subcontinent, founded by siddhartha gautama, budda	38
288497226	religious practices buddhism	acceptance of the 4 noble truths, life involves suffering and sorrow, eightfold path	39
288497227	the eightfold path	seeing life as it truly is, living w/ good purpose, speaking well of others, honesty, helping others, avoid evil, what you have to do to reach nirvana, meditation	40
288497228	eligibility of education	boys of first 3 castes only, fathers picked occupations of sons,	41
288497229	guru	hindu name for teacher	42
288497230	nalada university	first university of ancient times	43
288497231	technology	math:value of pi, algebra; medicine inoculation, surgery: cararact, spinal cord, plastic surgery, bone-setting, susrutra: cleaninless, free hospitals	44
288497232	panchatantra	indian fairy tails w/ a moral story attached: similar to aesop's fables for ancient greece	45
288497233	taj mahal	built by shah jahan for favorite wife who died in child birth; took 22 yrs to build and wiped out india economy	46
288497234	chandragupta maurya	drove greeks from india, united northern indian subcon., clever in military strategy, cruel to pep, feared being assinated, women as night guards, renounced thrown	47
288497235	asoka	chandragupta maurya grandson, conqured most of india, began harsh converted to buddhism, built temples, religious tolarence, pardoned prisonsers	48
288497236	maurya dynasty contributions	unification, trade network from mesopotamia to roman empire, key trade product= cotton	49
288497237	gupta dynasty	ruled all of northern subcon, ushered golden age of india, prosperious and peaceful empire, progress in medicine and science, nalanda uni, hinduism favored	50
288497238	mughal india	maintained trade empire(cotton), muslim conquerors, allowed religious tolerance, sacred law of manu, akbar the great, ruled like persians	51
288497239	aurangzeb	greatgrandson of akbar the great, high taxes on non muslims, took away religious tolerance, forced pep to convert to islam, civil unrest, decline of mughal dynasty	52