Final Exam Flashcards

289739965	BC vs BCE- AD vs CE	before Christ=before common era Anno Domini= current era	0
289739966	Julian vs Gregorian calendar	we use gregorian- pope gregory the 8th no one uses julian- julius cesar	1
289739967	Harappa/ Mohenjo- Daro	the 2 cities of the Indus valley civilization	2
289739968	sumerians	city states that fought each other, no central govt	3
289739969	agricultural revolution	the change from gathering to food production civilized people	4
289739970	common staple crops during the agricultural revolution	grains and rice	5
289739971	womens role in agriculture	planting, growing, cultivating	6
289739972	semetic language family	family of languages spoken in parts if western asia and N africa hebrew, phoenician, arabic	7
289739973	Hammurabi	an eye for an eye, code of law	8
289739974	Akkadian	took over Sumerians made first mesopotamian empire king sargon led to take over sumeria	9
289739975	Menes	egyptian pharaoh combined upper + lower egypt	10
289739976	Khufu	egyptian pharaoh had the larger of the pyramids at the plain of giza body was located inside the pyramid instead of under	11
289739977	Djoser	3rd dynasty king constructed a step pyamid	12
289739978	procession of mummification	remove organs, stuff with packing material, soak in dehydrating and perserving chem, wrap in linen organs in canopic jars, brain thrown out natron- salt to dehyrdate	13
289739979	Egyptian womens rights	could own property, inherit from parents, own rights over dowry incase a divorce, will property to whoever	14
289739980	cueiforms meaning	wedge shaped symbols	15
289739981	papyrus	to make sails, paper from papyrus leaves	16
289739982	Herodotus' name for egypt	gift of the nile	17
289739983	rosetta stone	only reason why we can decode Hierogliphs 3 languages- greek, hiero, demotic speech by ptolomy- greek pharoah	18
289739984	the book of the dead	contained rituals and spells to protect the journeying spirit to the afterlife	19
289739985	Horus	falcon headed sun god	20
289739986	Babylon	capital for babylonians nepikinezzar amorites created it	21
289739987	catal huyuk	one of the oldest cities in the world in turkey	22
289739988	loess	yellowish brown dust gives the yellow river its distinctive hue and name	23
289739989	xia	ancient dynasty that ruled the core region of the yellow river valley founded by yu the great	24
289739990	zhou	dynasty founded by emperor wu	25
289739991	daoism	eastablished by laozi says that ppl are natural no ruler "go with the flow" find your own path	26
289739992	confucius	started confucionism men are good father- like ruler	27
289739993	confucius impact on chinese culture	father like ruler men are superior civil service exam	28
289739994	5 social relationships of confucius	ruler- subject husband- wife father- child elder brother- younger brother friend- friend left is superior	29
289739995	the analects	main writings of confucius in a book	30
289739996	han fei	believed men are bad, started legalism, a dictator	31
289739997	shang rulers diviation powers	oracle bones, telling the future heat bones, they crack from heat, read cracks	32
289739998	Feng shui	buildings that symbolized the order imposed by gods and monarchs alignments of buildings and furniture for religious purposes	33
289739999	chavin	south america one of the earliest cultures of the americas	34
289740000	olmec	mexico made giant stone heads	35
289740001	yahweh	stern + warlike god made agreement with israelites: they would be his "chosen people" if they promised to worship him is "the" god	36
289740002	torah	scroll form of the hebrew bible- the old testiment	37
289740003	moses	led the isrealites out of captivity from the pharoahs who enslaved them for building purposes was an islrealite with connections to the egyptian royal family	38
289740004	abraham	rejected the traditional idol worship said there is only one god became a wandering group of herders, ended up in israel	39
289740005	children of israel	divided into 12 tribes supposedly descended from the sons of jacob and joseph	40
289740006	david	made the ark of covenant in jerusalem, making jerusalem religious set up the christianity monarch	41
289740007	solomon	marks the high point for the christianity monarchy linked trades near and distant lands	42
289740008	Hatshepsut	only woman to claim royal title in New kingdom egypt dressed like a man so ppl would take her seriously	43
289740009	akhenaten	only believed in the god Aten invented monotheism- believing in only one god closed temples and destroyed everything of other gods	44
289740010	phoenicians	the major ancient civilization in the nations of syria and palestine	45
289740011	hittites	foremost power in anotolia 1200-2000 BCE	46
289740012	Ahuramazda	god of pure goodness zorostrianism battles to rid the world of evil	47
289740013	beliefs of zoroasttrianism	good and evil, influenced christianity left bodies out on a high platue to rot and for the voltures to eat them	48
289740014	person who unified persia	cyrus	49
289740015	darius the great	extended persian control made canal linking red sea with the nile largest empire the world has yet seen	50
289740016	alexander the great	started the hellenistic age- lands conquered by alex was influenced by greek culture took over persian empire macedonian (greek) blended macedonian + persian cultures	51
289740017	father of history	herodotus	52
289740018	persian royal road	links susa and sardis empires for connections	53
289740019	pericles	lead athenians in pelopenesian war	54
289740020	oligarchy	govt that is run by the aristocrats	55
289740021	cleopatra	wife of 2 ptolomys, julius cesar, mark anthony	56
289740022	socrates	wisest man in athens, philosopher divided philosophy in 2 groups- philosophers + socratics put on trial for his opinions, people thought he corrupted others, drank hemlock	57
289740023	lover of wisdom	philosophers	58
289740024	teacher of alexander the great	aristotle	59
289740025	fighters of the persian war	persia + greece	60
289740026	satraps	a governor of darius's empire important duty was to collect and send tribute to king	61
289740027	zues	greek god, most powerful + important	62
289740028	meaning of shi huangdi	first emperor	63
289740029	emperor established Han dynasty	liu bang	64
289740030	legalism	an idea that poeple can be controlled only through many laws and harsh punishment	65
289740031	terracotta warriors	stone soldiers guarding emperor shi huangdi of the qin	66
289740032	how the qin unified china	took over and conquered everyone, unifying them	67
289740033	warring states period	china was divided among rival states with frequent hostiles the qin dynasty took over several states creating china	68
289740034	inventions during the Han	watermill- move sources of water horse collar, paper, crossbow	69
289740035	most exported item from china during Han	silk	70
289740036	chinese social classes	1. gentry- aristocracy 2. peasants 3. merchants and artisans	71
289740037	pax romania	roman peace	72
289740038	roman law code	law of the 12 tables brought all of the laws together	73
289740039	leading political force in roman republic	the senate	74
289740040	roman emperor convert empire to christianity	theodosius	75
289740041	roman emperor converted to being a christian	constantine after a horroble battle in which he won, he saw a cross in the sky and realized there was enough killing	76
289740042	romanization	the spread of latin language and roman life	77
289740043	byzantine empire	centered around constantinople, eastern european orthodox christian	78
289740044	gentile	non jews	79
289740045	the messiah	jesus "the anoited one"	80
289740046	paul	a jew from the city Taruas spread the tachings of jesus kept christianity going	81
289740047	council of nicaea	decided the father, son, and the holy ghost for christianity	82
289740048	romulus	popular legend cast adrift on the tiber river as a baby, nursed by a she wolf founded the city of rome	83
289740049	patricians vs plebians	patricians- elite plebians- rest of society	84
289740050	four noble truths	1. everyone suffers 2. desire causes suffering 3. eliminating desire, achieve nirvana 4. the way to nirvana is throught the "eight- fold path"	85
289740051	Buddhas experience that led to enlightenment	saw an old person, sick person, a dead body, and a hindu monk	86
289740052	stupa	large earthen mounds that symbolized the universe ancient buddhist structure	87
289740053	buddhist based empire	ashoka created an empire (mauryan empire) on buddhism bc of the bad things he saw when his empire collapsed	88
289740054	bodhisattvas	ppl who have achieved enlightenment and were on the threshold of nirvana but chose to be reborn into mortal bodies to help others along the path to salvation	89
289740055	mahayana	embraced the popular new features of buddhism great vehicle NE Asia one of the 2 major branches of buddhism	90
289740056	therevada	followed most of the original teachings of the founder of buddhism SE Asia other of the 2 major branches of buddhism	91
289740057	nirvana	to minimize desire and suffering enlightenment for buddhism	92
289740058	karma	good or bad deeds depends on the body you have for the next life bad deeds will punish you in the next life	93
289788246	vedic age	named after the vedas- religious texts that are our main source of info about the period	94
289788247	ganesha	eliphant headed god	95
289788248	parts of brahman	1. Brahma- creator 2. Vishnu- preserver 3. Shiva- destroyer	96
289788249	Jati	hindu sub castes	97
289788250	Sanyasi	Hindu monk	98
289788251	Atman	reincarnated soul	99
289788252	Henotheism	idea of one god with many parts	100
289788253	Sati	when a hindu woman's husband dies, she must fling herself onto a fire with her husbands corpse in it	101
289788254	Ganges	a river in India Hindus thought all life came from it, when they died their ashes would go into it	102
289788255	Moksha	Hinduism release from reincarnation	103
289788256	Muhammad	the messanger of god the words of god was given to him through the angel gabriel	104
289788257	Mecca	prosperous merchant city muslims must visit this place, during the Hajj, once in their life muhammads home city	105
289788258	Meaning of Islam and Muslim	Islam- submission to the will of Allah, the religion Muslim- one who submits, person who practices the religion	106
289788259	Medina	where muhammad and his followers fled to after the leaders of Mecca tried to prosecute them	107
289788260	Jihad	Holly war against infadels- people who dont believe in Islam	108
289788261	Ali	the 4th caliph Muhammads cousin and husband of his daughter fatima father of husayn	109
289788262	Abu Bakr	friend of muhammad first successor (caliph) after muhammad died	110
289788263	Husayn	revolted to reestablish the right of Ali's (his) family to continue to rule yazid killed him and his family because of this	111
289788264	Umayyad Empire	capital in Damascus the name for the umayyad caliphate who wanted to keep choosing the caliphs- sunnis	112
289788265	Jerusalem	the holy city of Islam, Christianity and Judaism	113
289788266	quran	the recitation the verses of revelation in a single document gathered into chapters	114
289788267	Ishmael	son of abraham	115
289788268	Capital of Abbasid Empire	Baghdad Shi'ite capital	116
289788269	Turkic slaves military force	Mamluks	117
289788270	Saracens	what the muslims are known as during the crusades	118
289788271	Mosque	the muslim church, points towards Mecca	119
289788272	First crusade	Jerusalem falls to the Europeans successful killed 70,000 ppl, "the streets ran with blood"	120
289788273	Gabriel	the angel that spoke to Muhammad in a cave outside of Mecca told him the words from God	121
289788274	Plague of Justinian	bubonic (black) plague named after the ruler of the time	122
289788275	fourth crusade	catholisism vs orthodox catholic won when they sacked constantinople	123
289788276	Difference between Catholic and orthodox	Catholic- Pope, W Europe Orthodox- Byzantine Empire, no pope	124
289788277	The Hagia Sophia	Sacred wisdom cathedral in constantinople	125
289788278	Vladimir I and relationship to Orthodox Christianity	grand prince of Kieve made the Kievan empire orthodox christianity	126
289788279	Cryrillic	writing system by cyril and methodius	127
289788280	cathay	what Marco Polo called the chinese people	128
289788281	Tang Dynasty's religion	Buddhism Mahayana	129
289827469	Charles Martel	stopped the Muslims at Tours, France	130
289827470	Chinese maritime inventions	the junk, compass, triangle sails	131
289827471	civil service test	neo confucious used to find people govt jobs	132
289827472	junks	main chinese ocean going ships	133
289827473	footbinding	made fashionable by a prince bc he saw a beautiful dancer w/ small feet bronze, silver, golden lotus	134
289827474	Innovations of the Song empire	gun powder, water powered clock	135
289827475	Su song	made the water powered clock that helped with astronomy	136
289827476	champa rice	fast growing rice from vietnam	137
289827477	gun powder	used for fireworks and shooting arrows	138
289827478	Kami	spirits or souls for shintoism	139
289827479	Shinto	religion of Japan	140
289827480	Kamukura Shogunate	feudalism the first military dictatorship in Japan	141
289827481	Daimyo	provides Samurais ro shoguns, in the Japanese warrior class	142
289827482	Samurai	wariors who worked for Daimyo	143
289827483	Chan Buddhism in Japan	"Zen"- Japan Buddhism	144
289827484	Uighurs	new Turkic group, took much of inner Asia	145
289827485	Fief	a grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service	146
289827486	Unified Korea	Koryo relations with the song	147
289827487	Song system of credit	flying money	148
289827488	Cacao	chocolate bitter drink	149
289827489	Atahualpa	last incan leader	150
289827490	Moctezuma II	last ruler of the Aztecs over thrown by Hernan Cortes	151
289827491	Terrace Farming	farming on hills, digging niches in the hillside	152
289827492	Takal	Mayan capital	153
289827493	Llamas and Alpacas	one of the most important animals to the Andes civilization	154
289827494	Quetzalcoatl	feather headed serpent god of agriculture and arts sacrifice	155
289827495	Cuzco	capital of the Inca	156
289827496	Tenochtitlan	one of the twin capitals of the Aztec	157
289827497	Khipus	a system of knotted cords used by preliterate Andean peoples to transmit info	158
289827498	Teotihuacan	city existed before the Aztecs	159
289827499	Vasco da Gama	...	160
289827500	Conquistadors	took over the native people of the Americas	161
289827501	Hernan Cortes	known for conquering the Aztecs and Maya	162
289827502	Columbian Exchange	the transfer of people, animals, plants and diseases between the new and old world	163
289827503	Trans- Atlantic slave trade	the system of slave trade that went from Africa to the Americas to anywhere else	164
289827504	Middle passage	when the slaves went from Africa to America	165
289827505	Council of the Indies	supervised all govt eccelesiastical and commercial activity in the spanish colonies	166
289827506	The encomienda	when Amerindians were forced to provide settlers with labor	167