16 & 17 Review Flashcards

288531989	Johannes Gutenberg	German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)	0
288531990	European-style family pattern	...	1
288531991	Martin Luther	A German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.	2
288531992	Edict of Nantes	1598 document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots	3
288531993	Proletariat	The industrial working class	4
288531994	Jesuits	Founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.	5
288531995	Deists	Believed in a God who had created a perfect universe and then allowed it to operate according to Natural Laws	6
288531996	Cottage industry	Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.	7
288531997	Enlightenment	A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions	8
288531998	Mercantilism	Economic system used to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests	9
288531999	Less harsh discipline, affection between family members	What kinds of changes are associated with the treatment of children during the Enlightenment?	10
288532000	Humans are naturally good, reason is the key to truth, religion based on blind faith is wrong	What are the three basic principles of the Enlightenment?	11
288532001	Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa, Japan and Polynesia	What new areas were brought into the global commercial network after 1450?	12
288532002	Portugal	Who was the first in Western Europe to explore?	13
288532003	Indonesia	In what region of the world id the Dutch challenge the Portuguese for commercial dominance?	14
288532004	They had time to improve their oceanic vessel design	Why did the initiative in early conquest and exploration pass to northern European nations in the later sixteenth century?	15
288532005	They allowed the establishment of trading companies	In what way were the early Dutch and British exploration and trade projects different from those of the Iberian nations?	16
288532006	Disease	What did Europeans bring to the Americas during the Colombian Exchange?	17
288532007	Crops	What did the Americas contribute to Europe during the Colombian Exchange?	18
288532008	Population increased dramatically	What was the impact of the introduction of American crops into Europe?	19
288810977	Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, absolute monarchy, Enlightenment	Put the following in chronological order- absolute monarchy, Enlightenment, Protestant Reformation, Renaissance	20
288810978	French and Spanish invasion cut political independence, while new Atlantic trade routes hurt Mediterranean economy.	What accounts for the decline of the Italian Renaissance?	21
288810979	It was a justification for rebellious lords to gain more power.	Why did Luther pick up widespread support among the German elite?	22
288810980	Demand for silver and gold made trading companies take advantage of markets; increasing commerce stimulated manufacturing.	Describe the commercial revolution of the sixteenth century.	23
288810981	France, Spain, Prussia, Austria-Hungary	What countries had absolute monarchs in the sixteenth century?	24
288810982	Rulers centralized authority and formed a professional bureaucracy and military. Nobles were too busy to interfere with state affairs.	How did absolute monarchs operate?	25
288810983	Britain, Netherlands	Which countries retained a parliamentary regime?	26
288810984	Adam Smith	"Governments should stand back and let individual effort and market forces operate for economic advance." Whose idea was this?	27
288810985	Merchants and bankers moved into profit-seeking, capitalist ways.	What was the impact of the Renaissance on commerce?	28
288810986	Ideas similar to Chinese legalists were advanced.	What was the impact of the Renaissance on politics?	29
288810987	Their economies and banking systems could not meet new demands.	Why did the Spanish fail to hold a position of dominance in world trade?	30
288810988	China, Japan	Which non-European regions were most interested in Western guns?	31