AP Psychology Chapter 4

These terms are matched to Myers 8th edition of Psychology chapter 4.

3379198	accommodation	refers to changing an existing schema to incorporate new information that cannot be assimilated.In Piaget's theory.
3379199	adolescence	this refers to the life stage from puberty to independent adulthood, denoted physically by a growth spurt and maturation of primary and secondary sex characteristics, cognitively by the onset of formal operational thought, and socially by the formation of identity.
3379200	alzheimer's disease	a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally, phisical funtioning.
3379201	assimilation	refers to interpreting a new experience in terms of an existing schema.In Piaget's theory.
3379202	attachment	an emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by their seeking closeness to a caregiver and showing distress on separation.
3379203	basic trust	according to Erikson is a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy - a concept that infants form if their needs are met by responsive caregiving.
3379204	cognition	all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
3379205	concrete operational stage	the stage lasting from about ages 6 or 7 to 11, children can think logically about concrete events and objects.
3379206	conservation	the principle that properties such as number, volume, and mass remain constant despite changes in the forms of objects; it is acquired during the concrete operational stage.
3379207	critical period	the limited time shortly after birth during which an organism must be exposed to certain experiences or influences if it is to develop properly.
3379208	cross-sectional study	in this study people of different ages are compared with one another.
3379209	crystalized intelligence	one's accumulated acknowledge and verbal skills; tends fo increase with age
3379210	crystallized intelligence	refers to those aspects of intellectual ability, such as vocabulary and general knowledged that reflect accumulated learning. Crystallized intelligence tends to increase with age.
3379211	developmental psychology	a branch of psychology that studies human development in phsical, cognitive, and social change perspectives.
3379212	egocentrism	in Piaget's theory refers to the difficulty that preoperational children have in considing another's viewpoint. "Ego" means "self" erring and "centrism" indicates "in the center"; the preoperational child is "self-centered."
3379213	embryo	the developing prenatal organism from about 2 weeks through 2 months after conception.
3379214	fetal alcohol syndrome	a syndrome that refers to the physical and cognitive abnormalities that heavy drinking by a pregnant woman may cause in the developing child.
3379215	fetus	the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.
3379216	fluid intelligence	refers to a person's ability to reason speedily and abstractly. Fluid intelligence tends to decline with age.
3379217	formal operational stage	in Piaget's theory normally begins about age 12. During this stage people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.
3379218	habituation	decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repearted exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.
3379219	identity	one's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.
3379220	imprinting	the process by which certain animals form attachments early in life, usually during a limited critical period.
3379221	intimacy	in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.
3379222	longitudinal study	in this study the same people are tested and retested over a period of years.
3379223	maturation	biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.
3379224	menarche	the first menstrual period.
3379225	menopause	the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.
3379226	object permanance	the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.
3379227	preoperational stage	in Piaget's theory lasts from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age. During this stage, language development is rapid, but the child is unable to understand the mental operations of concrete logic.
3379228	primary sex characteristics	the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that enable reproduction.
3379229	puberty	the early adolescent period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproduction.
3379230	rooting reflex	a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple.
3379231	schemas	are mental concepts that organize and interpret information. They are found in Piaget's theory of cognitive development
3379232	secondary sex characteristics	the nonreproductive sexual characteristics, for example,female breasts, male voice quality, and body hair.
3379233	self-concept	a person's sense of identity and personal worth.
3379234	sensorimotor stage	in Piaget's theory of cognitive stages, this stage lasts from birth to about age 2.During this stage, infants gain knowledge of the world through their senses and their motor activities.
3379235	social clock	the cultural preferred timing of social event such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
3379236	stranger anxiety	the fear of strangers that infants begin to display at about 8 months of age.
3379237	teratogens	agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.
3379238	zygote	the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
15105641	theory of mind	people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict.
15105884	autism	a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind.