Developmental Psychology Vocabulary Flashcards

228812371	developmental psychology	branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout a life span	0
228812372	zygote	the fertilized egg	1
228812373	embryo	the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month	2
228812374	fetus	the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth	3
228812375	teratogens	agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm	4
228812376	fetal alcohol syndrome	physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking, noticeable symptoms include facial mis-proportions	5
228812377	rooting reflex	a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple	6
228812378	habituation	decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation	7
228812379	maturation	biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience	8
228812380	schema	a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information	9
228812381	assimilation	interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas	10
228812382	accommodation	adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information	11
228812383	sensorimotor stage	according to Piaget, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities	12
228812384	object permanence	the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived	13
228812385	preoperational stage	according to Piaget, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic	14
228812386	conservation	according to Piaget, the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the form of object	15
228812387	egocentrism	according to Piaget, the preoperational child's difficulty in taking another's point of view	16
228812388	concrete operational stage	according to Piget, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events	17
228812389	formal operational stage	according to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts	18
228812390	attachment	an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation	19
228812391	critical period	an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development	20
228812392	imprinting	the process by which certain animals form attatchments during a critical period very early in life	21
228812393	adolescence	the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence	22
228812394	puberty	the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing	23
228812395	menarche	the first menstrual period	24
228812396	menopause	the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes in a woman's experiences as her ability to reproduce declines	25
228812397	crystallized intelligence	one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age	26
228812398	fluid intelligence	one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood	27
241623881	age of viability	age a baby can live outside of the mother. 22 weeks	28
241623882	10 months	gestation period	29
241623883	37-42 weeks	term birth range	30
241623884	breach birth	type of birth where the baby comes out feet first	31
241623885	germinal stage	stage of development from conception - 2 weeks. cells divide	32
241623886	embryonic stage	stage of development from 2 weeks to 8 weeks where the vital organisms/system forms. most important stage.	33
241623887	fetal stage	stage of development from 8 weeks till birth	34
241623888	bubinsky's reflex	reflex where if you touch a baby's foot the toe bends	35
241623889	APGAR Test	test given to a new born baby after 1 and 5 minutes. each letter worth 2 points. a - activity p - pulse g - grimace (reflexes) a - appearance r - respiration	36
241623890	jaundice	a yellowish appearance in new born babies that usually is the result of kidney failure	37
241623891	socialization	process by which children learn the behaviors, attitudes, and expectations required of them by their society and culture	38
241623892	preconventional stage	Kohlberg's moral development stage where your behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments	39
241623893	conventional stage	Kohlberg's moral development stage where your behavior is influence by peer pressure/society	40
241623894	postconventional stage	Kohlberg's moral development stage where your behavior is influenced by your own ethics	41
241623895	Kohlberg	person who studied moral development	42
241623896	Marcia	person who studied identity states	43
241623897	identity foreclosure	identity state where you accept your identity and the values that were given in childhood. not given a chance to explore alternatives self-concept defined by other people	44
241623898	identity diffusion	identity state where you have no clear idea of your own identity and you are NOT trying to find one *outcome = lack of self-identity and no commitment to values or goals	45
241623899	moratorium	identity stage where you are trying to achieve identity through experimentation and trial and error	46
241623900	identity achievement	identity state where you have gone through an identity crisis and have come out with a well defined self-concept. you are committed to a set of personal values and goals.	47
241623901	erikson	person who studied social development	48
241623902	trust vs. mistrust	stage from infancy - 1 year where infants develop a basic sense of trust	49
241623903	autonomy vs. shame & doubt	stage through toddlerhood (1-2 years) where toddles learn to exercise will and do things for themselves or they will doubt their abilities	50
241623904	initiative vs. guilt	stage trough preschool (3-5 years) where preschoolers lean to start tasks and carry out plans or they will feel guilty about efforts to be independent	51
241623905	competence vs. inferiority	stage through elementary school (6-puberty) where children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or they feel inferior	52
241623906	identity vs. role confusion	stage through adolescence where teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are	53
241623907	intimacy vs. isolation	stage through young adulthood (20-early 40s) where young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love or they feel socially isolated.	54
241672092	generavity vs. stagnation	stage through middle adulthood (40s-60s) where the middle-aged discover a sense of contribution to the world usually through family and jobs or else they may feel a lack of purpose	55
241672093	integrity vs. despair	stage through late adulthood (60+) where when reflecting upon his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or regret	56
241672094	authoritarian	parenting style where the parents are cruel and military like and do not explain why disciplining	57
241672095	permissive	parenting style where the parents are very attached to their kids	58
241672096	authoritative	ideal parenting style happy medium between permissive and authoritarian	59
241672097	harry harlow	person who studied contact comfort with the rhesus monkey experiment	60
241672098	bolby	researched emotional ties of attachment	61
241672099	ainsworth	bolby's student who experimented with babies and strange situations	62
241672100	secure	type of baby where the baby is calmed down by re-contact	63
241672101	avoidant	type of baby where the baby does not engage in a reunion with its mother	64
241672102	anxious/ambivalent	type of baby where after re-contact that baby is anxious and fears for further absence	65
241672103	Kubler-Ross	studied the stages of dying/grieving 1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression - people should grieve as long as needed 5. acceptance - people who are religious tend go reach this stage faster	66
241672104	telegraphic	uttering 2 words of speech	67
241672105	parentese	language where parents talk to their kids	68
241672106	lift neck	before babies can walk this is the first thing they need to learn	69
241672107	7-10	what is determined as a "good score" for the apgar test	70
241672108	10 months	gestation period	71