Brown's AP English Language Terms

144120055	alliteration	sound device; repetition of initial (beginning) consonant sounds
144120056	ambiguity	unclearness by virtue of having more than one meaning
144120057	anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase as the beginning of successive clauses
144120058	antithesis	the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas to give a feeling of balance
144120059	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds
144120060	cacophony	harsh, jarring, discordant sound; dissonance
144120061	chiasmus	a statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed ("Susan walked in, and out rushed Mary.")
144120062	connotation	the implied or associative meaning of a word
144120063	consonance	repetition of consonant sounds within words
144120064	diction	a writer's or speaker's choice of words
144120065	euphony	any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds
144120066	figurative language	Writing or speech that is used to create vivid impressions by setting up comparisons between dissimilar things, [examples are metaphor, simile, and personification.
144120067	foreshadowing	the use of clues to hint at events that will occur later in the plot
144120068	hyperbole	a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor
144120069	imagery	Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)
144120070	inverted sentence	reversing the normal subject-verb complement order
144120071	irony	incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs
144120072	juxtaposition	placing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast
144120073	litote	for of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis and intensity. for example, "She is not a bad cook."
144120074	cumulative sentence	sentence that begins with the main idea and adds additional information, usually for description; also called a loose sentence
144120075	persona	the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing
144120076	metaphor	a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without the use of such specific words of comparison as like, as, than, or resembles
144120078	metonomy	a term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example: a news release that claims "The White House declared" rather than "The President declared"
144120079	onomatopoeia	using words that imitate the sound they denote
144120080	paradox	a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
144120081	parallel structure	the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures
144120083	personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes
144120084	point of view	the perspective from which a story is told
144120085	satire	form of literature in which irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed to attack human vice and folly
144120086	simile	comparison using "like" or "as"
144120087	style	The distinctive way in which a writer uses language
144120088	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part
144120089	synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")
144120090	syntax	the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences
144120091	theme	a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work
144120092	tone	the writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject of a story, toward a character, or toward the audience (the readers).
144120093	trope	artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech
144120094	understatement	the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.
144120095	verisimilitude	the quality of appearing to be true, real, likely, or probable
144120097	voice	The fluency, rhythm and liveliness in writing that makes it unique to the writer.
144120098	zeugma	The use of a word to modify two or more words, but used for different meanings. He closed the door and his heart on his lost love.
144120099	ad hominem	In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man."
144120100	allusion	a reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize
144120101	analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things
144120102	aphorism	A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.
144120103	argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence
144120104	asyndeton	When the conjunctions (such as "and" or "but") that would normally connect a string of words, phrases, or clauses are omitted from a sentence
144120105	begging the question	an argumentative ploy where the arguer sidesteps the question or conflict, evades or ignores the real question
144120106	dialect	a variety of speech characterized by its own particular grammar or pronunciation, often associated with a particular geographical region
144120107	epigraph	The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme.
144120108	false dichotomy	consideration of only two extremes when there are one or more intermediate possibilities
144120109	irony	the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning; or, incongruity between what is expected and what actually happens
144120110	metaphor	a figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else
144120111	non sequiter	Latin for "it does not follow." When one comment isn't logically related to another.
144120112	oxymoron	a figure of speech composed of contradictory words or phrases, such as "wise fool," bitter-sweet," "pretty ugly," "jumbo shrimp," "cold fire"
144120113	pathos	appeal to emotion
144120114	periodic sentence	Presents the main clause at the end of the sentence, for emphasis
144120115	polysyndeton	using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (as in 'he ran and jumped and laughed for joy')
144120116	post hoc ergo propter hoc	Latin for "after this, therefore because of this." When a writer implies that because one thing follows another, the first caused the second, but the sequence is not necessarily the cause
144120117	rhetoric	study of the technique and rules for using language effectively (especially in public speaking)
144120118	rhetorical device	A technique used by a speaker or writer to achieve a particular effect, especially to persuade or influence
144120119	rhetorical question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.
144120120	slang	an informal, often short-lived kind of language used in place of standard words
144120121	structure	The organization and form of a work
144120122	syllogism	a three-part deductive argument in which a conclusion is based on a major premise and a minor premise ("All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal.")
144120123	logos	an appeal based on logic or reason
144120124	ethos	The appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator
144120125	claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence
144120126	refutation	an attack on an opposing view in order to weaken it, invalidate it, or make it less credible
144120127	counter argument	ideas that are presented to oppose another argument
144120128	concession	an admission; a compromise; a yielding
144120129	audience	one's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed