Russia and Japan: Industrialization Outside of the West Flashcards

124652553	Holy Alliance	Alliance among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of religion and the established order, formed at the Congress of Vienna	0
124652554	Decembrist Uprising	Political revolt in Russia in 1825; led by middle-level army officers who advocated reforms; put down by Tsar Nicholas I	1
124652555	Crimean War	(1854-1856) began as a Russian attack on the Ottoman Empire; resulted in a Russian defeat in the face of Western industrial technology; led to reforms under Tsar Alexander II	2
124652556	Emancipation of the serfs	Tsar Alexander II ended serfdom in 1861; serfs obtained no political rights; required to stay in villages until they could repay aristocracy for land	3
124699385	Trans-Siberian railroad	Constructed during the 1870s and 1880s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; increased Russian role in Asia.	4
124699386	Count Sergei Witte	Russian minister of finance (1892-1903); economic modernizer responsible for high tariffs, improved banking system; encouraged Western investment in industry.	5
124699387	Intelligentsia	Russian term for class of intellectuals; desired radical change in the political and economic systems; wanted to maintain a Russian culture distinct from the West.	6
124699388	Anarchists	Political groups that thought the abolition of formal government was a first step to creating a better society; became important in Russia and was the modern world's first large terrorist movement.	7
124699389	Lenin	Russian Marxist leader, led the Bolshevik party	8
124699390	Bolsheviks	Literally "majority" party, but actually a political group backed by a minority of the population; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement.	9
124699391	Russian Revolution of 1905	The defeat by Japan resulted in strikes by urban workers and insurrections among the peasantry; resulted in temporary reforms.	10
124699392	Duma	Russian national assembly created as one of the reforms after the Revolution of 1905; progressively stripped of power during the reign of Nicholas II.	11
124699393	Stolypin Reforms	Russin minister who introduced reforms intended to placate the peasantry after the Revolution of 1905; included reduction of land redemption payments and an attempt to create a market-oriented peasantry.	12
124699394	Kulaks	Agricultural entrepreneurs who used the Stolypin reforms to buy more land and increase production.	13
124699395	Terakoya	Commoner schools founded during the Tokugawa shogunate to teach reading, writing, and Confucian rudiments; by the middle of the 19th century resulted in the highest literacy rate outside of the West.	14
124699396	Dutch studies	Studies of Western science and technology beginning during the 18th century; based on texts available at the Dutch Nagaski trading center.	15
124699397	Matthew Perry	American naval officer; in 1853 he insisted on the opening of ports to American trade.	16
124699398	Meiji restoration	Power of the emperor restored with Emperor Mutsuhito in 1868; took name of Meiji, the Enlightened One; ended shogunate and began a reform period.	17
124699399	Diet	Japanese parliament establilshed as part of the constitution of 1889; able to advise government but not control it.	18
124699400	Zaibatsu	Huge industrial combines created in Japan during the 1890s.	19