Unit 4 AP Psy Masters

68916482	sensation	stimulation of the senses
68916483	perception	organizing and interpreting sensory information
68916484	psychophysics	study of relationships btw physical characteristics of stimuli and our experience of them
68916485	absolute threshold	lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
68922329	difference threshold	smallest change in stimulation that a person can detect (aka just noticeable difference)
68922330	weber's law	the stronger the stimulus the greater the change must be in order for it to be noticed
68922331	signal detection theory	theory that a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigue influnce thresholds
68922332	pupil	adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
68922333	lens	transparent structure behind the pupil; bends and focuses light rays on the retina
68922334	retina	the layer of rods and cones that lines the back of the eye
68922335	optic nerve	carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.
68922336	fovea	small depression in the retina; mostly cones; clearest vision
68922337	blind spot	where the optic nerve leaves the eye, no rods or cones
68922338	frequency	number of waves per second
68922339	amplitude	height of a wave
68922340	cones	color receptors
68922341	rods	receptors that detect black, white, and gray
68922342	hue	shade of color; determined by the wavelength of light
68922343	nearsightedness	image focused in front of retina; see close objects clearly; distant objects less clear
68922344	farsightedness	image focused behind retina; see far objects clearly; close objects less clear
68922345	night blindness	decreased ability to see in reduced light; impaired rod function; deficiency of vitamin A
68922346	colorblindness	inability to dintinguish colors; defiency or absence of cones
68923003	afterimage	visual image that persists after a stimulus is removed
68923004	binocular fusion	process of combining the images received from the two eyes into a single image
68923005	retinal disparity	depth cue; compare images from the two eyes; brain computes distance; greater the difference btw the two images, the closer the object
68923006	auditory nerve	nerve that carries impulses from the inner ear to the brain
68923007	pitch	highness or lowness of a tone; frequency
69138621	hertz	unit of frequency, pitch
69138622	decibels	measurement of intensity or loudness, amplitude
69138623	cochlea	a snail-shaped tube; inner ear; lined with receptor cells; sound
69138624	middle ear	chamber btw the eardrum and cochlea; hammer, anvil, and stirrup; concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the
69138625	inner ear	innermost part of the ear; cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs; relay sound waves to the auditory nerve fibers
69138626	opponent process theory	color vision is derived from three pairs of opposing receptors; blue and yellow, red and green, and black and white.
69138627	place theory	in hearing, pitch liked with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
69138628	frequency matching theory	firing rate of a neuron matches the frequency of a sound wave to determine pitch
69138629	vestibular system	three semicircular canals; sense of balance, in the inner ear; connected to the brain by a nerve
69138630	olfactory nerve	carries impulses from olfactory receptors in the nose to the brain
69138631	gustation	taste
69138632	flavor	Experience of taste, smell, temperature,texture
69138633	kinesthesis	system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
69138634	figure ground	organization of visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)
69138635	visual cliff	laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals
69138636	gestalt	the human eye sees objects in their entirety before perceiving their individual parts
69138637	subliminal messages	brief auditory or visual messages that are presented below the absolute threshold
69138638	illusions	perception does not accurately represent the world
98135628	gustav fechner	father of psychophysics, built on the work of Weber, refined principles of perception.
98135629	ernst weber	pioneered study of Just Noticeable Difference, which became Weber's law. JND is proportional to size of the stimulus.
98135630	david hubel	w/Torsten Wiesel discovered feature detector groups of neurons;in visual cortex, respond to different types of visual images