AP World history chap 17 Flashcards

chapter 17

295760697	Columbian Exchange	The term Columbian Exchange refers to the transfer of peoples, animals, plants, and diseases between the New and Old Worlds	0
295760698	The council of the indies	Created in 1524, the Council of the Indies in Spain supervised all government, ecclesiastical, and commercial activity in the Spanish colonies.	1
295760699	Encomienda	A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it	2
295760700	Mita	When colonists were allowed to use Indians for forced labor in colonial South America, also known as the repartimiento system	3
295760701	Hidalgos	The minor nobility of Spain. Often they possessed little wealth and were interested in improving their position through the overseas empire.	4
295760702	Creoles	In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. S:By the end of the sixteenth century, the elite of Spanish America included both European immigrants and creoles	5
295760703	Encomenderos	Spanish settlers who were in charge of the natives working on the encomiendas S: their systematic abuse of Amerindian communities and the catastrophic loss of Amerindian life during the epidemics of the sixteenth century undermined their position	6
295760704	Mestizos	A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory	7
295760705	Mulattos	persons of mixed European and African ancestry.	8
295760706	Castas	People of mixed origin in Spanish colonial society; relegated to secondary status in social system; constituted potentially revolutionary group.	9
295760707	Virginia Company	The pair of joint stock companies in North America with the purpose to settle in the New World; Virginia Company of London and Virginia Company of Plymouth.	10
295760708	Indentured Servants	colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years	11
295760709	House of Burgesses	representatives of towns meeting together as the House of Burgesses.When these representatives began to meet alone as a deliberative body, they initiated a form of democratic representation that distinguished the English colonies of North America	12
295760710	Indigo	a plant that produced a blue dye -the prosperous rice and indigo plantations near Charleston attracted a diverse array of immigrants and an increasing ﬂow of African slaves.	13
295760711	Dutch West India Company	Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa.	14
295760712	coureurs de bois metis	runners of the woods -often began families with indigenous women, and they and their children, who were called métis˚, helped direct the fur trade,	15
295760713	Metis	people of mixed French and native heritage	16
295760714	Bartholome De las Casas	A spanish priest who settled in the New world and was against the torture and genocide of Native Americans -most inﬂuential defender of the Amerindians in the early colonial period	17
295760715	Sir Humphrey Gilbert	English navigator who in 1583 established in Newfoundland the first English colony in North America (1539-1583)	18
295760716	Sir Walter Raleigh	English courtier, navigator, colonizer, and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, he introduced tobacco and the potato to Europe. Convicted of treason by James I, he was released for another expedition to Guiana and executed after its failure.	19
295760717	Pilgrims	Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands. -wanted to break free from church	20
295760718	Puritans	A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.	21
295760719	Quakers	religious group who settled Pennsylvania - very tolerant and nonviolent	22
295760720	William Penn	A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.	23
295760721	Tupac Amaru II	was well connected in Spanish colonial society. He had been educated by the Jesuits and was actively involved in trade with the silver mines at Potosí. Despite these connections, he still resented the abuse of Amerindian villagers.	24
295760722	Viceroyalty of new spain	Created in 1535, the Viceroyalty of New Spain, with its capital in Mexico City, included Mexico, the southwest of what is now the United States, Central America, and the islands of the Caribbean.	25
295760723	Viceroyalty of Peru	a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima.	26
295760724	Roanoke Colony	called the "Lost Colony.", the first English colony was funded by Sir Walter Raleigh, unsuccessful ships disappeared or turned back	27
295760725	Plymouth Colony	Colony founded by the Separatist Pilgrims who came over on the Mayflower. Located in New England.	28
295760726	Massachusetts bay colony	A colony of primarily puritans (calvanists). It was not a colony dedicated to religious freedom. City upon a hill, boston area.	29
295760727	Iroquois confederacy	a powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondoga, and Oneida	30
295760728	New France	Samuel de Champlain founded the colony of New France at Quebec˚, on the banks of the St. Lawrence River, in 1608. -provided ready access to Amerindian trade routes, but it also compelled French settlers to take sides in the region's ongoing warfare	31
295760729	New Laws of 1542	reform legislation that outlawed enslavement of Amerindians and limited other forced labor	32
295760730	Stono rebellion of 1749	Africans played a major role in South Carolina's largest slave uprising, the Stono Rebellion of 1739. -African Catholics who sought to ﬂee south to Spanish Florida, seized ﬁrearms, about a hundred slaves from nearby plantations joined them. The colonial militia soon defeated the rebels and executed many of them, but the rebellion shocked slave owners throughout England's southern colonies and led to greater repression	33
295760731	French and Indian War	Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763 S: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.	34