ch. 3-5 Flashcards

296298538	Vedic & Epic ages	formative period, in which Indo-European migrants gradually adopted agriculture	0
296298539	Mauryn Dynasty	Chandra Gupta -powerful empire in ancient India, 321 to 185 B.C.E.	1
296298540	ashoka	ruler of the Mauryan Empire who converted to Buddhism	2
296298541	Gupta Empire	Golden Age of India; central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism	3
296298542	Sanskrit	writing system developed by the Aryans	4
296298543	Hinduism	Indian belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms	5
296298544	Upanishads	Sacred Hindu writings concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe.	6
296298545	Dharma	the religious and moral duties of Hindus	7
296298546	Buddhism	religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha; taught that the way to find truth was to give up all desires	8
296298547	Tamils	Dravidian Hindus who settled at the southern tip of India in Sri Lanka	9
296298548	Pericles	Ruled Athens in Golden Age. Made The government more democratic	10
296298549	Alexander the Great	King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia	11
296298550	Hellenistic period	time where Greek art and culture merge with influences from the Middle East;	12
296298551	Punic Wars	3 wars fought between Rome and Carthage. Rome became dominant in Mediterranean	13
296298552	Julius Caesar	dictator who conquering Gaul, assinated by the Senate because they were afraid of his power	14
296298553	Senate	in ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats	15
296298554	zoroastrianism	system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC about dual gods and early monotheism	16
296298555	Peloponnesian wars	Series of wars between Athens and Sparta (winner)	17
296298556	Philip II of Macedon	ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 BCE; founder of centralized kingdom; father of Alexander the Great	18
296298557	Alexandria	City in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great, center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization	19
296298558	Roman Republic	The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate	20
296298559	Carthage	ancient powerful city the interfered with Roman access to the Mediterranean. Army led by Hannibal	21
296298560	Hannibal	general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War	22
296298561	Augustus Caesar	The first emperor of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace. AKA Octavian	23
296298562	Polis	Greek word for city-state	24
296298563	Twelve Tables	Rome's first code of laws	25
296298564	Kush	Nubian kingdom flourishing along the upper Nile around 1000 B.C.E.	26
296298565	Axum and Ethiopia	Axum defeated Kush. Ethiopia in turn defeated Axum. Both kingdoms had contacts with the eastern Med. until after Rome's fall. Became Christian.	27
296298566	shintoism	a religion based in Japan, marked by worship of nature and reverence for ancestors. Based on Buddhism	28
296298567	Olmec	The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., these people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction.	29
296298568	Teotihuacan	First powerful city-state in central Mexico It's population was 150,000 in its peak in 600 CE; largest city in the Americas; remembered for giant Pyramid of the Sun	30
296298569	Polynesian Peoples	Island civilizations that reached Fiji and Samoa by 1000 B.C.E. and Hawaii by 400 C.E. They adapted local plants, introduced new animals, and imported a caste system led by a local king	31
296298570	Yellow Turbans	Chinese Daoists who launched a revolt in 184 CE in China promising a golden age to be brought about by divine magic	32
296298571	Rajput	regional military princes in India following the collapse of the Gupta empire.	33
296298572	Devi	The mother goddess of Hinduism. The worship of this deity encouraged new emotionalism in the religion.	34
296298573	Augustine	One of the greatest Christian theologians from North Africa.	35
296298574	Coptic Christianity	Largest branch of African Christianity, centered in Egypt. brought from Byzantine	36
296298575	syncretism	a blending of two or more religious traditions	37
296298576	Bodhisattvas	enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment	38
296298577	Mahayana	Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior	39
296298578	Jesus of Nazareth	Prophet and teacher among the Jews; Christian Messiah	40
296298579	Paul	Jewish follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world	41
296298580	Benedict	Wrote a book describing the rules of monastic life.	42
296298581	Maya	Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.	43
296298582	Pope	Head of the Roman Catholic Church	44
296298583	Animism	the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls	45