CH 21 AP World Civilizations Flashcards
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| 296003391 | Ottomans | Turkic-speaking people who advanced into Asia Minor during the 14th century; established an empire in the middle East, North Africa, and Eastern Europe that lasted until after World War I | 0 | |
| 296003392 | Mehmed II | "the conqueror"; Ottoman sultan; captured Constantinople, 1453, and destroyed the Byzantine empire. | 1 | |
| 296003393 | Janissaries | conscripted youths from counqured regions who were trained as Ottoman infantry divisions; became an important political influence after the 15th century. | 2 | |
| 296003394 | Vizier | head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after the 15th century often more powerful than the sultan. | 3 | |
| 296003395 | Suleymaniye mosque | great mosque built in Constantinople during the reign of the 16th-century Ottoman ruler Suleyman the magnificent | 4 | |
| 296003396 | Safavid dynasty | founded by a Turkic nomad family with Shi'a Islamic beleifs; established a kingdom in Iran and ruled until 1722. | 5 | |
| 296003397 | Sail al-Din | Eponymous founder of the Safavids, Sufi mystic; leader of the Read Heads. | 6 | |
| 296003398 | Isma'il | Safavid leader; conquered the city of Tabriz in 1501 and was proclaimed shah. | 7 | |
| 296003399 | Chaldiran | an important battle between the Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Ottoman victory demonstrated the importance of firearms and checked the western advance of the Safavid Shi'a state. | 8 | |
| 296003400 | Abbas I, the Great | Safavid shah (1587-1629); extended the empire to its greatest extent; used Western military technology | 9 | |
| 296003401 | Imams | Shi'a religious leaders who traced their descent to Ali's successors. | 10 | |
| 296003402 | Mullahs | religious leaders under the Safavids; worked to convert all subjects to Shi'ism | 11 | |
| 296003403 | Isfahan | Safavid capital under Abbas the Great; planned city emplifying Safavid architecture. | 12 | |
| 296003404 | Nadir Khan Afshar | emerged following fall of Safavids; proclaims himself shah, 1736. | 13 | |
| 296003405 | Mughal dynasty | established by Turkic invaders in 1526; endured until the mid-19th century | 14 | |
| 296003406 | Babur | Turkic leader who founded the Mughal dynasty; died in 1530 | 15 | |
| 296003407 | Humayn | son and successor of Babur; expelled from india in 1540 but returned to restore the dynasty in 1556. | 16 | |
| 296003408 | Akbar | son and successor of Humayn; built up the military and administrative structure of the dynasty; followed policies of cooperation and toleration with the Hindu majority | 17 | |
| 296003409 | Din-i-llahi | religion initiated by Akbar that blended elements of Islam and Hinduism; did not survive his death. | 18 | |
| 296003410 | Sati | ritual burning of high-caste Hindu women on their husbands' funeral pyres. | 19 | |
| 296003411 | Taj Mahal | mausoleum for Mumtaz Mahal, built by her husband Shah Jahan; most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India. | 20 | |
| 296003412 | Nur Jahan | wife of ruler Jahangir who amassed power at the Mughal court and created a faction ruling the empire during the later years of his reign. | 21 | |
| 296003413 | Aurangzeb | son and successor of Shan Jahan; pushed extent of Mughal control in India; reserved previous policies to purify Islam of Hindu influences; incessant warfare depleted the empires resources; died in 1707 | 22 | |
| 296003414 | Marattas | people of western India; challenged Mughal ruler under Aurangzeb | 23 | |
| 296003415 | Sikhs | Indian sect, beginning as a synthesis of Hindu and Muslim faiths; pushed to opposition to Muslim and Mughul rule. | 24 |