AP Bio Chapter 23 Vocabulary
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| evolutionary change on its smallest scale | ||
| the study of how populations change genetically over time | ||
| a comprehensive theory of evolution that integrated ideas from many other fields | ||
| a localized group of individuals that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring | ||
| the aggregate of genes in a population at any one time is called the population's ______ _______ | ||
| states that the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population's gene pool remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work | ||
| the condition describing a non-evolving population, which follows these 5 conditions: large population, no gene flow, no mutations, random mating, no natural selection | ||
| change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA | ||
| similar deviations from the expected result explain how allele frequencies can fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next | ||
| when a sudden change in the environment may drastically reduce the size of a population, the survivors may have passed through a restrictive "bottleneck", and their gene pool may no longer be reflective of the original population's gene pool | ||
| when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, this smaller group may establish a new population whose gene pool isn't reflective of the source population | ||
| genetic additions to and/or subtractions from a population resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or gametes | ||
| a population is said to display ________ ________ for a character if two or more distinct morphs are each represented in high enough frequencies to be readily noticeable | ||
| the percent, on average, of a population's loci that are heterozygous in members of the population | ||
| differences between the gene pools of separate populations or population subgroups | ||
| a graded change in a trait along a geographic axis | ||
| the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals | ||
| the contribution of a genotype to the next generation comparted to the contributions of alternative genotypes for the same locus | ||
| __________ ________ is most common when a population's environment changes or when members of a population migrate to a new habitat with different environmental conditions from their former one | ||
| ________ ________ occurs when conditions favor individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotype | ||
| _________ _________ acts against extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate variants | ||
| _________ ________ occurs when natural selection maintains stable frequencies of two or more phtnotypic forms in a population, a state called ___________ _________ | ||
| if individuals who are heterozygous at a particular gene locus have greater fitness than the homozygous, natural selection will tend to maintain two or more alleles at that locus | ||
| the fitness of any one morph that declines if it becomes too common in the population | ||
| some of the genetic variation in populations probably has little or no impact on reproductive success, and thus natural selection doesn't affect those alleles | ||
| genes that have become inactivated by mutations | ||
| natural selection for mating success | ||
| marked differences between the sexes in secondary sexual characteristics, which are not directly associated with reproduction | ||
| (selection "within the same sex") is a direct competition amon individuals of one sex for mates of the opposite sex | ||
| individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in selecting their mates from the other sex |