Myers, 7e Chapter 3: Nature/Nurture

	thread-like structures made of DNA molecules containing genes. At conception, 23 chromosomes in the egg are paired with the 23 chromosomes in the sperm.
	(deoxyribonucleic acid) a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
	biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes. They are segments of the DNA molecules capable of synthesizing a protein.
	complete set of genetic instructions for making an organism.
	evolutionary principle that traits that contribute to reproduction and survival are the most likely to be passed on to succeeding generations.
	random errors in genetic replication that are the source of genetic diversity with a species.
	the study of the evolution of behavior using the principles of natural selection.
	the biological and social characteristics by which people define male and female.
	study of genetic and environmental influences on specific behaviors.
	every non-genetic or external influence on our traits and behaviors.
	develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two and therefore are genetically identical.
	develop from two separate eggs fertilized by different sperm and therefore are no more genetically similar than ordinary siblings.
	a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.
	proportion of variance among individuals in a trait that is attributable to genetic factors. Current estimates place the heritability of intelligence at about 50-70%
	occurs when the effects of one factor (heredity) depend on another factor (environment) Ex.: gene/environment interaction is at play when an aggressive child is dealt with sternly by a teacher who will interact more warmly to more compliant classmates.
	subfield of biology that strives to identify specific genes that influence specific human traits and behaviors.
	enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions that are shared by a large group of people and are passed from one generation to another.
	understood social rules for accepted and expected behaviors.
	the buffer zone, or mobile territory that people like to maintain around their bodies.
	variations in ideas, fashions, and innovations passed from one person to another that cause rapid cultural mutations. An idea passed from person to person.
	sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females inherit an X chromosome from each parent.
	sex chromosome found only in men. Males inherit an X chromosome from their mother and a Y chromosome from their father.
	principal male sex hormone. During prenatal development testosterone stimulates the development of the external male sex organs.
	culturally prescribed set of behaviors expected of those that have a particular social position.
	culturally prescribed set of behaviors for males and females.
	one's personal sense of being male or female.
	the acquisition of a traditional feminine or masculine gender role.
	people learn social behaviors (such as gender roles) by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.
	children acquire a cultural concept of what it means to be female or male and adjust their behavior accordingly.