Rome and Han China, 753 BCE-600 CE Flashcards

Adapted from "The Earth and its Peoples: A Global History," 5th ed., Chapter 5

291410812	Republic	the period from 507-31 BCE during which Rome was governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate	0
291410813	Senate	a council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families	1
291410814	patron/client relationship	a fundamental social relationship in which the patron provided legal and economic protection and assistance to clients in exchange for political support	2
291410815	Principate	a term used to characterize Roman government in the first three centuries BCE	3
291410816	Augustus	honorific name of Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate	4
291410817	equites	prosperous landowners second in wealth and status to the senatorial aristocracy	5
291410818	pax romana	connected the stability and prosperity that Roman rule brought to the lands of the Roman Empire in the first two centuries CE	6
291410819	Romanization	the process by which the Latin language and Roman cultures became dominant in the Western provinces	7
291410820	Jesus	a Jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices; became the central figure in Christianity	8
291410821	Paul	a Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia that spread Christianity and separated it from Judaism	9
291410822	aqueduct	a conduit, either elevated or underground, that uses gravity to carry water from a source to a location that needs it	10
291410823	Third-Century Crisis	the political, military, and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century CE	11
291410824	Constantine	Roman emperor that moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion	12
291410825	Qin	a people and state in the Wei valley of China that conquered rival states and founded the first Chinese empire	13
291410826	Shi Huangdi	founder of the short-lived Qin Dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire	14
291410827	Han	term used to designate the ethnic Chinese people who originated in the Yellow River Valley	15
291410828	Han Dynasty	the dynasty of emperors that ruled from 202 BCE to 220 CE	16
291410829	Xiongnu	a confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China	17
291410830	Gaozu	the throne name of Liu Bang, a rebel leader that brought down the Qin and founded the Han Dynasty	18
291410831	Sima Qian	chief astrologer for the Han Dynasty that is regarded as the father of Chinese history	19
291410832	Chang'an	city in the Wei Valley that was the capital of the Qin and early Han empires	20
291410833	gentry	the class of prosperous families below the rural aristocrats from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel	21