Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
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| Segments of DNA that code for the basic units of heredity and are transmitted from one generation to the next | ||
| Reproductive cells that transmit genes from one generation to the next generation to the next | ||
| Reproduction where a single parent passes copies of all its genes to its offspring | ||
| Reproduction where two individuals contribute genes to the offspring, this results in greater genetic variation | ||
| The generation-to-generation sequences of stages in the reproductive history of an organism, from conception to production of its own offspring | ||
| A display of condensed chromosomes arranged in pairs | ||
| The two chromosomes composing a pair which have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern; they control the same inherited characters | ||
| The chromosomes X and Y which determine an individuals sex | ||
| All other chromosomes, not sex chromosomes | ||
| Any cell with two chromosome sets | ||
| Any cell with one chromosome set (gametes) | ||
| DNA replication that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell | ||
| The first division of a two-stage process of sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original | ||
| The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell | ||
| The pairing and physical connection of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis | ||
| The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis | ||
| In this phase of meiosis synapsis occurs, tetrads undergo crossing over, and the nuclear envelope disintegrates | ||
| In this phase of meiosis pairs of homologous chromosomes are lined up on the metaphase plate and microtubules from each pole attach to kinetochore | ||
| In this phase of meiosis the proteins responsible for cohesion breakdown allowing for homologs to separate and the homologs move toward opposite poles guided by spindle apparatus | ||
| In this phase of meiosis the homologous chromosomes move until they reach opposite poles, each pole then contains a haploid set of chromosomes, cytokinesis then occurs | ||
| In this phase of meiosis a spindle apparatus forms, and sister chromatids move toward the metaphase plate | ||
| In this phase of meiosis the chromosomes are lined up on the metaphase plate, and the kinetochores of each sister chromatid prepare to move to the opposite poles | ||
| In this phase of meiosis the centromeres of the sister chromatids separate and individual chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell | ||
| In this phase of meiosis the chromatids have moved all the way to the opposite ends of the cell, nuclei reappear, and cytokinesis occurs |