ap english vocab

74210867	absolute	a word free from limiations or qualifications("best," "all", "unique"
74210868	ad hominem argument	an argument attacking an individual's characer rather than his or her position on an issue
74210869	allegory	a literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions
74210870	allusion	a reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assures the reader will recognize
74210871	analogy	a comparison of two different things that are similar in some way
74210872	anaphora	repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses
74210873	anecdote	a brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event
74210874	antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers
74210875	antithesis	a statement in which two opposing ideas are balanced
74210876	aphorism	a concise, statement that expresses succinctly a general truth or idea, often using rhyme or balance
74210877	asyndeton	a construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions
74210878	balanced sentence	a sentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast
74210879	chiasmus	a statement consisting of to parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed
74210880	climax	generally, the arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance, often in parallel structure
74210881	cliché	an expression that has been overused to the extent that its freshness has worn off
74214058	colloquialism	informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing
74214059	complex sentence	a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause
74214060	compound sentence	a sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses,often joined by one or more conjunctions
74219458	compound-complex sentence	a sentence with two or more principal clauses and one or more subordinate clauses
74219459	conceit	a fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor
74219460	concrete details	details that relate to or describe actual, specific things or events
74219461	connotation	the implied or associative meaning of a word
74219462	cumulative sentence	a sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases
74219463	declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement or declaration
74219464	deductive reasoning	reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case
74219465	denotation	the literal meaning of a word
74219466	dialect	a variety of speech characterized by its own particular grammar or pronunciation, often associated with a particular geographical region
74219467	diction	the word choices made by a writer
74219468	didactic	having the primary purpose of teaching or instucting
74219469	dissonance	harsh, inharmonious, or discordant sounds
74219470	ellipsis	the omission of a word or phrase which is grammatically necessary but can be deduced from the context
74219471	epigram	a brief, pithy, and often paradoxical saying
74219472	epigraph	a saying or statement on the title page of a work, or used as a heading of a chapter or other section of a work
74219473	ethos	the persuasive appeal of one's character, or credibility
74219474	euphemism	an indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant
74219475	exclamatory sentence	a sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark
74219476	figurative language	language employing one or more figures of speech
74219477	hyperbole	intentional exaggeration to create an effect
74219478	idiom	an expression in a given language that cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words in the expression; or, a regional speech or dialect
74219479	imagery	the use of figures of speech to create vivid images that appeal to one of the senses
74219480	imperative sentence	a sentence that gives a command
74219481	implication	a suggestion an author or speaker makes (implies) without stating it directly
74219482	inductive reasoning	deriving general principles from particular facts or instances
74219483	inference	a conclusion on draws(infers) based on premises or evidence
74219484	interrogative sentence	a sentence that asks a question
74219485	invective	an intensely vehement, highly emotional verbal attack
74219486	inverted syntax	a sentence constructed so that the predicate comes before the subject
74219487	irony	the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning; or, incongruity between what is expected and what actually occurs
74219488	jargon	the specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession
74219489	juxtaposition	placing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast
74219490	litotes	a type of understatement in which an idea is expressed by negating its opposite
74219491	logos	appeal to reason or logic
74219492	malapropism	the mistaken substitution of one word for another word that sounds similar
74219493	maxim	a concise statement, often offering advice; an adage
74219494	metaphor	a direct comparison of two different things
74219495	metonymy	substituting the name of one object for another object closely associate with it
74219496	mood	the emotional atmosphere of a work
74219497	motif	a standard theme, element, or dramatic situation that recurs in various works
74219498	non sequitur	an inference that does not follow logically from the premises
74219499	paradox	an apparently contradictory statement that actually contains some truth
74219500	parallelism	the use of corresponding grammatical or syntactical forms
74219501	parody	a humorous imitation of a serious work
74219502	parenthetical	a comment that interrupts the immediate subject, often to quality or explain
74219503	pathos	the quality in a work that prompts the reader to feel pity
74219504	pedantic	characterized by an excessive display of learning or scholarship
74219505	personification	endowing non-human objects or creatures with human qualities or characteristics
74219506	philippic	a strong verbal denunciation. The term comes form the orations of Demosthenes against Philip of Macedonia in the fourth century
74325121	polysyndeton	The use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural
74325122	rhetoric	the art of presenting ideas in a clear, effective, and persuasive manner
74325123	rhetorical question	a question asked merely for rhetorical effect ad not requiring an answer
74325124	rhetorical devices	literary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression
74325125	sarcasm	harsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule
74325126	satire	the use of humor to emphasize human weaknesses or imperfections in social institutions
74325127	scheme	an artful deviation from the ordinary arrangement of words
74325128	simile	a comparison of two things using "like, "as," or other specifically comparative words
74325129	simple sentence	a sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause
74325130	solecism	non standard grammatical usage; a violation of grammatical rules
74325131	structure	the arrangement or framework of a sentence, paragraph, or entire work
74325132	style	the choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work
74325133	syllepsis	a construction in which one word is used in two different sense
74325134	syllogism	a three-part deductive argument in which a conclusion is based on a major premise and a minor premise
74325135	synecdoche	using one part of an objet to represent the entire object
74325136	synesthesia	describing a kind of sensation in terms of another
74325137	syntax	the manner in which words are arranged into sentences
74325138	tautology	needless repetition which adds no meaning or understanding
74325139	theme	a central idea of work
74325140	thesis	the primary position taken by a writer or speaker
74325141	tone	the attitude of a writer, usually implied, toward the subject or audience
74325142	trope	an artful deviation from the ordinary or principal signification of a word
74325143	understatement	the deliberate representation of something as lesser in magnitude than it
74325144	vernacular	the everyday speech of a particular country or region, often involving nonstandard usage