Chapter 6 Review for Midterm Flashcards

296711146	"Submission" to Allah	Islam	0
296711147	Muslims	Followers of Islam	1
296711148	Muhammad	Allah's greatest prophet	2
296711149	Spread of Islam	Through conquest and warriors	3
296711150	Qu'ran	Holy Islamic book containing Allah's revelations to Muhammad	4
296711151	Bedouin Culture	Pre-Islamic culture in Arabia, camel and goat herding with tribes	5
296711152	Cycle of Vengeance	Clan rivalries, feuds over watering and grazing rights and ownership, clan wars, code of Chivalry, prevents arab unity	6
296711153	Expulsion	death sentence	7
296711154	Clan	necessary for survival, clan councils with elders and advisors	8
296711155	Shaykhs	tribe/clan leaders, had larger herds, several wives, many children and servants	9
296711156	Mecca	a city in arabia, center of transcontinental trade, had the Ka'ba, dominated by Umayyads	10
296711157	Medina	Originally Yathrib, small oasis city, politics dominated by 2 bedouin and 3 Jewish clans	11
296711158	Importance of Women	Descent traced through, "bride price" not dowry, didn't have to wear veils, had multiply marriage partners	12
296711159	Patriarchal community	Only men fought in wars, property, inheritance, and divorce laws favored men, male polygamy, traced descent in cities	13
296711160	610	Muhammad recieves first revelations	14
296711161	beginning of Islam	intimate followers first, more followers=more revelations, faced by Umayyad assassination attempts	15
296711162	Hijra	"flight to Medina", marks first year in islamic calendar	16
296711163	Muhammad in Medina	Quickly brings peace, more followers, goes to war against Mecca and wins	17
296711164	Ka'ba	Most important Pre-islamic shrine, becomes most important Islamic mosque	18
296711165	Pre-Islamic religion	polytheistic and animistic, supreme distant God Allah, associated with night, caves, springs, etc	19
296711166	Islam vs Christianity and Judaism	Islam is rigid and uncompromising; lack of angels and saints, personal religion	20
296711167	Umma	Integrates, community of the faithful, allows political unity among rivals, one source of authority, like the christian church	21
296711168	Egalitarian	concept that everyone is equal	22
296711169	Ethics code	equality and dignity, generosity	23
296711170	Body of Law	Qu'ran	24
296711171	Jerusalem	most disputed land in all of history, Jews-Promised Land, Christians-Holy Land, Muslims-place of final judgment	25
296711172	5 Pillars of Islam	Shahada, prayer five times daily, Ramadan, Zakat, Hajj	26
296711173	Caliph	Religious and political successor to Muhammad	27
296711174	Initial Spread of Islam	Through military, religious fervor, want of booty, conquers Sassinads, some of Byzantine, some of Egypt, naval supremacy	28
296711175	Sunni	"One who follows the traditions of the prophet", 85%-80%	29
296711176	Shia	"Party of Ali", Iran, Iraq, 15%-20%	30
296711177	Imam	head of Shia faith, their pope	31
296711178	Imam	saints in Shia	32
296711179	Imam	leader of mosque in Shia and Sunni	33
296711180	Sunni-Shia split	Shia Muslims say Ali was the next caliph, Sunni Muslims say Mu'awiya was the next caliph	34
296711181	Damascus	New capital in Umayyad Imperium	35
296711182	Arab aristocracy	small ruling class	36
296711183	Muslim Arabs	received more benefits like spoils of war	37
296711184	Mawali	Converts to Islam, very few because they got nothing in return	38
296711185	Jizya	tax on non-believers	39
296711186	Dhimmi	People of the book	40
296711187	Role of women in Umayyad Age	gained more rights, allowed to pursue occupations	41
296711188	Umayyad decline	addicted to luxury, shift to frugal living not conquest, revolt by SUNNI Abbasid party, most Umayyad members assassinated	42
296711189	Baghdad	New capital of Abbasids	43
296711190	wazir	"Jafar", 2nd in power to caliph, slowly gets more power	44
296711191	Ayan	Minority landed elite class	45
296711192	trade boom	Revives commercial trade with China, Africa, Mediterranean, increased wealth and social status of middle class, Increasing economy, more mosques	46
296711193	Crafts and skills	Furniture, carpets, glassware, etc, first trade guilds	47
296711194	Sharecroppers	Majority of population	48
296711195	Social hierarchy	Caliph, Top level bureaucrats, Ayans, Middle class, peasant farmers, Privileged slaves, Non-privileged slaves	49
296711196	Advances	Built on previous cultures TRANSLATED IDEAS FROM GREEK AND LATIN INTO ARABIC	50