31.0 - 31.6 Plant Structure and Function

	In a plant, the hormonal inhibition of axillary buds by a terminal bud.
	An embryonic shoot present in the angle formed by a leaf and stem.
	In plants, a cell with a thick primary wall and no secondary wall, functioning mainly in supporting growing parts.
	In a plant, a cell connected to a sieve-tube member whose nucleus and ribosomes provide proteins for the sieve-tube member.
	In plants, the ground tissue system of a root, made up mostly of parenchyma cells, which store food and absorb minerals that have passed through the epidermis.
	The first leaf that appears on an embryo of a flowering plant; a seed leaf. Monocot embryos have one; dicot embryos have two.
	In plants, a waxy coating on the surface of stems and leaves that helps retain water.
	The outer protective covering of plants.
	A term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons.
	The innermost layer (a one-cell-thick cylinder) of the cortex of a plant root; forms a selective barrier determining which substances pass from the cortex into the vascular tissue.
	In plants, the tissue system forming the protective outer covering of leaves, young stems, and young roots.
	In plants, a long, slender sclerenchyma cell that usually occurs in a bundle.
	A specialized, living plant cell with thin primary walls; arranged end to end, such cells collectively form phloem tissue. Also called sieve-tube member.
	A tissue of mostly parenchyma cells that makes up the bulk of a young plant and is continuous throughout its body; fills the space between the epidermis and the vascular tissue system.
	A specialized epidermal cell in plants that regulates the size of a stoma, allowing gas exchange between the surrounding air and the photosynthetic cells in the leaf.
	The portion of a plant stem between two nodes.
	The main site of photosynthesis in a plant; consists of a flattened blade and a stalk (petiole) that joins the structure to the stem.
	The green tissue in the interior of a leaf; a leaf's ground tissue system; the main site of photosynthesis.
	Flowering plants whose embryos have a single seed leaf, or cotyledon.
	The point of attachment of a leaf on a stem.
	A structure consisting of several tissues adapted as a group to perform specific functions.
	In plants, a relatively unspecialized cell with a thin primary wall and no secondary wall; functions in photosynthesis, food storage, and aerobic respiration and may differentiate into other cell types.
	The portion of a plant's vascular tissue system that conveys food (sugars) throughout a plant. This tissue is made up of sieve-tube members.
	Part of the ground tissue system of a dicot plant; fills the center of a stem and may store food.
	A horizontal stem that grows below the ground.
	All of a plant's roots, which anchor it in the soil, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store food.
	An outgrowth of an epidermal cell on a root, which increases the root's absorptive surface area.
	In plants, a very hard, dead sclerenchyma cell found in nutshells and seed coats; a stone cell.
	In plants, a supportive cell with rigid secondary walls hardened with lignin.
	All of a plant's stems, leaves, and reproductive structures.
	A food-conducting cell in a plant. Chains of sieve-tube members make up phloem tissue.
	The part of a plant's shoot system that supports the leaves and reproductive structures.
	A modified leaf used by some plants to climb around a fixed structure.
	Embryonic tissue at the tip of a shoot, made up of developing leaves and a compact series of nodes and internodes.
	An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.
	One or more tissues organized into a functional unit within a plant or animal.
	A tapered, porous, water-conducting and supportive cell in plants; makes up the water-conducting, supportive tubes in xylem.
	An enlargement at the end of a rhizome in which food is stored.
	A strand of vascular tissues (both xylem and phloem) in a plant stem.
	The central cylinder of vascular tissue in a plant root.
	A system formed by xylem and phloem throughout the plant, serving as a transport system for water and nutrients, respectively.
	In plants, a vascular bundle in a leaf, composed of xylem and phloem.
	A short, open-ended, water-conducting and supportive cell in plants; makes up the water-conducting, supportive tubes in xylem.
	A specialized, dead plant cell with lignin-containing secondary walls, arranged end to end, forming xylem tissue.
	The nonliving portion of a plant's vascular system that provides support and conveys water from the roots to the rest of the plant. It is made up of vessel elements and/or tracheids, water-conducting cells.