AP World History Chapter 13 Flashcards

279374893	Taika reforms	attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army	1
279374894	Tale of Genji	written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society	2
279374895	Fujiwara	Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power	3
279374896	Bushi	regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies	4
279374897	Samurai	mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor	5
279374898	Seppeku	ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor	6
279374899	Gempei Wars	Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira.	7
279374900	Bakufu	Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai	8
279374901	Shoguns	military leaders of the bakafu (military governments in Japan)	9
279374902	Hojo	Warrior family closely allied with the Minamota; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamota rulers who claimed to rule in name of the Japanese Emperor at Kyoto.	10
279374903	Ashikaga Takuaji	Member of the Minamota family; overthrew the Kamakuro regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino.	11
279374904	Ashikaga Shogunate	The second of Japan's military governments headed by a shogun (a military ruler). Sometimes called the Muromachi Shogunate. (p. 365)	12
279374905	Daimyos	Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of the Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded ministates	13
279374906	Choson	earliest Korean Kingdom; conquered by han emperor in 109 BCE	14
279374907	Koguryo	tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification	15
279374908	Sinification	Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam.	16
279374909	Silla	Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668.	17
279374910	Yi	Korean dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence.	18
279374911	Trung sisters	Leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39 c.e.; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society.	19
279374912	Khmers	Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to the south	20
279374913	Chams	Indianized rivals of the Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south.	21
279374914	Nguyen	Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue.	22
279374915	Heian	Capital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated	23