WHAP Chapter 18 Readings Quiz Flashcards

272325765	The Sundiata	the "lion prince" that built the Mali empire after his return from exile; Stories of him formed the foundation of the great oral traditions of western Africa (tales passed down for generations); reputation for courage in battle and assembled a large army dominated by cavalry; he consolidated his hold on the empire which included Ghana and other neighboring kingdoms surrounding the Senegal and Niger Rivers	0
272325766	Mali Kingdom	The empire built by Sundiata; benefitted from trans-Saharan trade on an even larger scale than that of Ghana (and more successful); mali controlled and taxed nearly all trade passing through western Africa; caravans of camels linked Mali to North Africa; The capitol of Niani attracted merchants who wanted gold and buildings of brick became popular in the market city centers (prosperous market cities); Rulers of Mali honored Islam and provided protecting, lodging and comfort to Mulim merchants who encouraged Islamic religion to spread but did NOT force it; many people continued to practice native religions; rulers of Mali created a centralized government that continue after its decline	1
272325767	Masu Musa	reigned during the peak of importance in long-distance trade networks of Mali empire; grand-nephew of Sundiata; formed a huge caravan of soldiers, servants, and slaves, with camels carrying gold on pilgrimage to Mecca; He passed out lavish gifts and gold in Cairo (trade center); so much that he caused a decline in metals value on trade; when he returned from Mecca he built mosques and religious schools in Mali to encourage Islam to spread	2
272325768	Bantu	originated south of the Sahara Desert near modern Nigeria; They spread but retained most of their customs including their Bantu language; as their language spread, it combined with others; they introduced agriculture, iron metallurgy and Bantu language to most regions of Sub-Saharan Africa; developed a complex government that enabled tem to organize existing societies efficiently	3
272325769	Camel	the arrival of the camel quickened the pace of communication and transportation across the Sahara Camels came to North Africa from Arabia by way of Egypt and Sudan; Camels traveled long distances before needing water; created special saddle for them	4
272325770	Ghana Kingdom	the principle state of west Africa at the time of the Muslims' arrival; situated between the Sengel and Niger rrivers; regional state like Benin and Ife; when trade across the desert increased, Ghana became the most important commercial site in west Africa because it became the center for trade in gold; kings procured gold nuggets from lands to the south and brought it into Ghana; By contolling taxation and trade, the kings enriched and strengthened their realm; merchants also provided ivory and slaves from north Africa; in exchange they received horses, cloth and salt; the kings of Ghana converted to Islam which improved relations with Muslim merchants from north Africa as well as Muslim nomads from the desert who transported goods across the Sahara; declined from attacks by nomadic people who wanted the Kingdoms wealth and dwiddling sources of gold	5
272325771	Koumbi-Saleh	The kingdoms capital that was the principle trading site with a thriving commercial center with a high population; the wealth supported Muslim scholars; had many mosques; king financed a large army from the taxes levied from all the trade; this army protected the large source of gold	6
272325772	Factors causing the Bantu to spread	agriculture enabled the Bantu population to increase more rapidly than hunters and gatherers although the hunters and gatherers helped the Bantu adapt to new environments; agriculture was attractive to hunters and gatherers because it provided increase supplies of food and supported large populations; bananas from the island of Madagascar caused an increase in the supply of food available and enriched the Bantu diets allowing them to expand more rapidly; Iron tools enabled Bantu to clear land and expand the zone of agriculture	7
272325773	Impact of Bantu culture	Established societies throughout the Sahara; spread political, social, economic, and cultural influences shaped African societies over the long term; iron working and agriculture influenced African societies; Swahili- Bantu language with words and ideas borrowed from Arabic	8
272325774	Know the Bantu political structure	Two types:"Stateless Society" Bantu societies did not depend on an elaborate heiarchy of officials or beurocracy to administer their affairs but governed themselves through family kinship groups; male heads of family had a council where they decided public affairs for the group; the head of the family was the chief of the village who dealt with neighboring people; a district (group of villages) dealt with ethnic loyalties	9
272325775	Cheifdoms	population strained resources and with little land to settle in, the conflicts between villages and districts became more frequent; the conflicts cause Bantu people to organize military forces that develop more formal structures of government; districts fell upon the leaderships of powerful chiefs who overrode kinship networks and imposed their own authority on their territories; some chiefs even conqured neighbors and created small kingdoms.	10
272325776	Know the impact of Islam on African culture and religion	Islam made a place for inherited traditions and beliefs of sub Saharan Muslims; Africans who converted to Islam continued to believe in evil spirits and nature deities and spirits of departed ancestors as well as continued to have rituals; paid no attention to the lectures about how Muslim woman were supposed to dress or behave.	11
272325777	Know about gender issues in Sub-Saharan Africa	Influenced the roles of individuals in society; men undertook heavy labor of clearing land and preparing it for cultivation; women and men participated in planting and harvesting while women also tended to domestic chores and child care; women in sub- Saharan Africa had more opportunities (could have power, have influence on public affairs, be merchants, and even combat!); Muslims in Sub-Saharan Africa did not honor the same social codes as those in Arabia and southwest Asia because Islam wasn't as much as an influence; Muslim woman did not have as much freedom in places Islam had a strong foothold in.	12
272325778	Know about the trans-Saharan slave trade.	The expansion of Trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean trade networks lead to an increase in traffic of African slaves; merchants from northern lands not only traded for gold and ivory, but also for slaves; In response to the demand, slave raiding became a popular activity in Africa; created networks within Africa that supplied slaves and served as a foundation for the Atlantic slave trade later	13