Key People (I don't know) Flashcards

292312107	Akhenaten	-Egyptian pharaoh -built new capital at Amarna, fostered a new style of naturalistic art, and created a religious revolution by imposing worship of the sun-disk -the Amarna letters, largely from his reign, preserve official correspondence w/ subjects and neighbors	0
292312108	Ramesses II	-a long lived ruler of new Kingdom Egypt -reached an accomodation w/ the Hittites of Anatolia after a standoff in battle -he built on a grand scale throughout Egypt	1
292312109	Cyrus	-founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire -revered in the traditions of Iran and the subject peoples, he employed both Persians and Medes in his administration and respected the institutions and beliefs of his subject peoples	2
292312110	Darius I	-3rd ruler of the Persian Empire -crushed the widespread initial resistance to his rule and gave all major gov posts to Persians -established a system of provinces and tribute -began construction of Persepolis -expanded Persian control in the east and west	3
292312111	Pericles	-aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through transformation to full democracy for all male citizens -supervised the construction of the Acropolis -pursued a policy of imperial expansion that led to the Peloponessian war	4
292312112	Constantine	-Roman emperor -moved the capital to Constantinople -made Christianity a favored religion	5
292312113	Shi Huangdi	-founder of the Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese empire -remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states, standardization of practices, and forcible organization of labor for military and engineering tasks -buried w/ 7,000 life size terracotta clay soldiers	6
292312114	Gaozu	-throne name of Liu Bang -one of the rebel leaders who brought down the Qin dynasty -founded the Han dynasty	7
292312115	Ashoka	-3rd ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India -converted to Buddhism and broadcast his beliefs on inscribed stones and pillars	8
292312116	Charlemagne	-King of the Franks, emperor -through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy -though illiterate, he sponsored a brief intellectual revival	9
292312117	Li Shimin	-one of the founders of the Tang Empire -its second emperor -led the expansion of the empire into Central Asia	10
292312118	Wu Zhao	-female emperor of the Tang -married into the imperial family, seized control of the gov, and declared herself emperor -based her legitimacy on being a bodhissatva -favored Buddhists and Daoists over Confucianists in he court -typically described as evil by woman-opposers, truth unknown	11
292312119	Genghis Khan	-the title of Timujin when he ruled the Mongols -founder of the Mongol Empire	12
292312120	Il-Khan	-a secondary or peripheral khan based in Persia -founded by a grandson of Genghis Khan	13
292312121	Nasir al-Din Tusi	-Persian mathematician and cosmologist whose academy provided the model for the movement of the planets that helped to inspire the Copernicun model of the solar system	14
292312122	Khubilai Khan	-last of the Mongol great khans -founder of the Yuan empire	15
292312123	Ibn Battuta	-Moroccan Muslim scholar -the most widely traveled of his time -wrote a detailed acct. of his travels to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan	16
292312124	Ptolemies	-the Macedonian dynasty -descended from one of Alexander the Great's officers that ruled Egypt for 3 centuries -from their magnificent capital at Alexandria, they largely took over the system created by Egyptian pharaohs to extract the wealth of the land, rewarding Greeks and Hellenized non-Greeks serving in the military and administration	17
292312125	Octavian/Augustus	-founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate -after defeating all rivals, he laid the groundwork for several centuries of stability and prosperity in the Roman Empire	18
292312126	Timur	-member of the prominent family of the Mongols' Jagadai Khanate -through conquest, gained control over much of Central Asia and Iran -consolidated the status of Sunni Islam as orthodox and his descendants maintained his empire for nearly a century and founded the Mughal empire	19
292312127	Rasid al-Din	-a Jew turned Muslim -advisor to the Il-Khan ruler Ghazan, who converted to Islam on _____'s advice -produced a history of the world that was published	20
292312128	Hernan Cortes	Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico for Spain	21
292312129	Moctezuma II	-last Aztec emperor -overthrown by Hernan Cortes	22
292312130	Atahualpa	-last ruling Inca emperor of Peru -executed by the Spanish	23
292312131	Fransisco Pizarro	Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru	24
292312132	Tupac Amaru II	-member of Inca aristocracy -led a rebellion against Spanish authorites in Peru -captured and executed w/ his wife and other members of his family	25
292312133	Suiko	-a woman from the immigrant aristocratic family of Soga -became empress of Japan after the death of her husband -occupied the throne longer than any other ruler up to the 19th cent -Asuka, her capital, saw a flowering of Buddhist art	26
292312134	Raziya	-daughter of Iltutmish, who designated her heir to the Delhi Sultanate -wise, just, and generous -a benefactor to her kingdom, a dispenser of justice, the protector of her subjects, and the leader of her armies -dressed like a man and led troops atop an elephant -imprisoned by Turkish chiefs and escaped -killed by robbers	27
292312135	Dante	-wrote The Divine Comedy, a long elegant poem -foreshadows the literary fashions of the later Italian Renaissance -his journey through the seven layers of hell, purgatory, and heaven -among the greatest writers of the Later Middle Ages -wrote in the vernacular spoken in Tuscany	28
292312136	Chaucer	-wrote The Canterbury Tales, a lengthy poem and humorous tale of pilgrims on their way to the shrine of Thomas a Becket shrine in Canterbury -influenced by Dante -wrote in vernacular English -among the greatest writers of the Later Middle Ages	29
292312137	Boccaccio	-wrote Decameron, an earthly tale w/ lots in common w/ Chaucer's -vernacular writings similar to Dante's -under Petrach's influence...writing in classical Latin	30
292312138	Erasmus	-produced a critical edition of the New Testament in Greek -corrected many errors and mistranslations in the widely used Latin version -wrote in classical Latin influencial moral guides	31
292312140	Petrarch	-humanist writer -proclaimed the revival of the classical Greco-Roman tradition they had felt for centuries had lain buried under the rubble of the Middle Ages	32
292312141	Giotto	-single handedly revived the "lost art of painting" -in religious scenes, he replaced stiff, staring Byzantine figures w/ more natural and human portraits w/ whose emotions of grief and love viewers could identify -his saints inhabited earthly landscapes	33
292312142	Leonardo da Vinci	-Mona Lisa (used oil paints) -worked in many media (bronze sculptures and frescoes-painting on wet plaster: The Last Supper) -his notebooks contain imaginative designs for airplanes, submarines, and tanks	34
292312143	Michaelangelo	-painted frescoes of biblical scenes on the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel in the Vatican -sculpted statues of David and Moses -designed the dome for a new St. Peter's Basilica in Rome	35
292312144	Copernicus	-heliocentric model of the solar system -wrote On the Revolution of the Heavenly Bodies	36
292312145	Tycho Brahe	-best observatory in Europe	37
292312146	Kepler	-elliptical orbits -proved heliocentric theory	38
292312147	Galileo Galilei	-telescope -put on trial for his ideas	39
293075436	Juvaini	-wrote the 1st comprehensive account of the rise of the Mongols under Ghengis Khan -inspired the work of Rashin al-Din (produced the history of the world)	40