Psych Notecards Chapter 7
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| our awareness of ourselves and our environment | ||
| periodic physiological fluctuations | ||
| the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle | ||
| rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active | ||
| false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of external visual stimulus | ||
| the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state | ||
| the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep | ||
| short bursts of brain waves detected in stage 2 sleep | ||
| The last two stages of sleep, characterized by slow brain waves, deep breathing, and calm heartbeat | ||
| recurring problems in falling or staying asleep | ||
| a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times | ||
| a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings | ||
| a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered | ||
| a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts, passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering | ||
| according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content) | ||
| according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that a dream's latent content functions as a safety value | ||
| the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakening during REM sleep) | ||
| a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur | ||
| selective amnesia after being in a hypnotic state of events occurring during hypnosis or of information designated by the hypnotist | ||
| a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors | ||
| a split consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. | ||
| Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis | ||
| a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood | ||
| the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect | ||
| the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug | ||
| a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued | ||
| a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions | ||
| compulsive drug craving and use | ||
| drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions | ||
| drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions | ||
| psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input | ||
| drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment | ||
| opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety | ||
| drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes | ||
| a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speed-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels | ||
| A compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline; commonly called "ecstasy." | ||
| a major active ingredient in marijuana; trigers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations | ||
| a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide) |