Early Modern Period Unit Review Flashcards

Early Modern Period Unit Test Flashcards

298267297	Treaty of Tordesillas	A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain, and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.	0
298267298	Enclave	An enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it.	1
298267299	Encomienda	A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it.	2
298267300	Din-i-Ilahi	Religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindu and Muslims in India, but failed.	3
298267301	Triangular Trade	A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa.	4
298267302	Humanism	The doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason.	5
298267303	Columbian Exchange	The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.	6
298267304	Absolute Monarchy	A system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power.	7
298267305	Mita	Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control.	8
298267306	Mercantilism	An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.	9
298267307	Usury	The act of lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest.	10
298267308	Jesuits	Members of the group known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.	11
298267309	Peter the Great	(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.	12
298267310	Ivan the Terrible	(1533-1584) Ruled from 1533-1584; Was responsible for the death of thousands, including his own son; Created the Oprichnina in order to destroy the Boyars; Believed in a Strong Centralized Government; expanded mostly south.	13
298267311	Boyars	Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts.	14
298267312	Dutch East India Company	A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia. Richer and more powerful than England's company, they drove out the English and established dominance over the region. It ended up going bankrupt and being bought out by the British.	15
298267313	Akbar	Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.	16
298267314	Roberto di Nobili	The Jesuit missionary who was responsible for creating the strategy of converting Hindu elites as a means of achieving mass conversions.	17
298267315	Jurchens (Manchus)	Founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south.	18
298267316	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.	19
298267317	Janissaries	Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.	20
298267318	Calvinists	Members of a protestant church that believed that people were pre-destined for salvation & lived strict, disciplined lives.	21
298267319	Ivan the Great	The Grand Duke of Moscow, ended Mongol domination of his dukedom, extended territories, subdued nobles, and attained absolute power; made Moscow the center of a new Russian state with a central government.	22
298267320	Cossacks	Peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements.	23
298267321	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.	24
298267322	Ottoman Dynasty	It lasted between 1517-1918. It was a small dynasty, but its power was solidified when the Ottoman Empire defeated the Mamluk Sultanate in 1517 and took control of most Arab lands. After they conquered Constantinople and took it from the Christians, they moved their capital. Ruled until Worl War I.	25
298267323	Babur	Founded the Mughal Empire in 1526 when he defeated the Lodi army and the Hindu warrior princes.	26
298267324	Tokugawa Shogunate	Shogunate started by Tokugawa Leyasu. They started 4 class system made up of warriors, farmers, artisans, merchants. Japan's ports were closed off. They wanted to create their own culture. It was illegal to fight, merchants became rich because domestic trade flourished (because fighting was illegal), and there were new forms of art - kabuki and geishas.	27
298267325	Vasco de Gama	A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean.	28
298267326	Rene Descartes	17th century French philosopher. He wrote Discourse on Method. The 1st principle was "I think, therefore I am." He believed mind and matter were completly seperate. He was known as father of modern rationalism	29
298267327	King Henry VIII	King of England from 1509 to 1547 and founder of the Church of England. He broke with the Catholic Church because the pope would not grant him a divorce.	30
298267328	Fall of Constantinople	Finally overcome by the Ottoman turks in 1453 after constant attack by Germanic/European tribes, Persians and Muslims.	31
298267329	Westernization	The adoption of Western (European) ideas, technology, and culture specifically in Asia or Russia.	32
298267330	Renaissance	The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history.	33
298267331	Enlightenment	Movement during the 1700's that spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society.	34
298267332	Protestant Reformation	Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England.	35
298267333	Scientific Revolution	The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science.	36