AP Vocab Terms

211267138	Allegory	The use of character and story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. the allegorical meaning usually deals with moral truth or a generalization about human existence.
211267139	Alliteration	The repetition of initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words.
211267140	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as events, books, myths,places, or works of art.
211267141	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.
211441995	Anadiplosis	The repetition of a key word "He gave his life, life was all he could give"
211441996	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between 2 different things or the relationship between them.
211441997	Anapestic	A foot in poetry with two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable
211441998	Anaphora	The rhetorical device or repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of successive sentences for emphasis & rythym
211441999	Anathema	A thing or person accursed or damned or greately detested
211442000	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause regerred to by a pronoun
211442001	Anticlimax	Using a sequence of ideas that abruptly diminish in dignity or importance at the end of a sentence. satirical effect
211442002	Antimetabole	Repeating words in reverse order for suprise and emphasis
211442003	antihesis	A constract or opposition of thoughts, "You are going, I am staying"
211442004	Aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or moral principal.
211442005	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as love or liberty.
211442006	Archetype	The original pattern, or model from which all other things of the same kind are made
211442007	Assonance	The repetition of vowel sounds in a series of words. (cry and side)
211442008	Asyndeton	The practice of leaving out the usual conjunctions between coordinate sentence elements. (ie, smile, shake hands, part)
211442009	Atmosphere	The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work.
211442010	Attitude	The position or posture assumed in connection with an action, feeling, mood. (to kneel in an attitude of prayer)
211442011	Balanced Sentence	A sentence where the phrases/clauses balance each other by virtue of their likeness of structure, meaning or length
211442012	Bathos	An abrupt change from the lofty to the ordinary in writing or speech; anticlimax
211442013	Blank verse	Poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentamer.
211442014	Cacophony	Harsh sounding, jarring sound; dissonance
211442015	Caesura	A pause or break in the middle of a line of poetry
211442016	Chiasmus	Similar to antimetabole, but reversing the grammatical elements rather than just words, for emphasis
211442017	Clause	A grammatical unit containing both a subject and a verb.
211442018	Cliche	An overused, worn-out, hackneyed expression that used to be fresh but is no more.
211442019	Climax	Arranging words, clauses or sentences in the order of their importance.
211442020	Colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing
211442021	Complex sentence	A sentence that contains one or more principal clauses and one or more subordinate clauses
211442022	Compound sentence	A sentence that contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinate conjunction (and or) or by a semicolon
211442023	Compound-complex sentence	A sentence that contains two or more principal clauses and one or more subordinate cluases
211442024	Conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the from of an extended metaphor or analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects
211442025	connotation	the non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning.
211442026	Consonance	The repetition of a consonant sound within a series of words to produce a harmonious effect.
211442027	Cumulative sentence	Sentence that begins with the main idea and adds additional information, usually for description.
211442028	Dactylic	A foot in poetry with one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables
211442029	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement
211442030	Denotation	The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word.
211442031	Device	A plan.
211442032	Diction	Related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices.
211442033	Didactic	From the Greek, means "teaching". Meant to instruct.
211442034	Dimeter	A verse written in two-foot lines
211442035	Dirge	A funeral hymn; a slow, sad song, poem, or musical composition expressiong grief or mourning
211442036	Elegy	A poem or song of lament and praise for the dead
211442037	Ellipsis	The emissin of a word/words necessary for complete grammatical construction but understood in the context.
211442038	Enjambment	In poetry, the running on of a sentence from one line or couplet to the next, with little or no pause
211442039	Epanalepsis	Opening and closing sentence with the same word or phrase for suprise and emphasis.
211442040	Epic	A long narrative poem in a dignified style about the deeds of a hero, whoin some way embody the cultural values of their society
211442041	Epigram	A short poem with a witty or satirical point; any terse, witty, pointed statement, often antithetical
211442042	Epistle	a formal composition written in the form of a letter adressed to a distant person or group of people
211442043	Epitaph	An inscription on a tomb or gravestone in memory of the person buried there
211442044	Euphemism	Are polite substitutes for unpleasent words or concepts. (ie, earthly remains vs corpse)
211442045	Euphony	The quality of having a pleasing sound
211442046	Extended parallelism	The reptition of words or grammatical elements to achieve cumulative force and rythym
211442047	Extended metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occuring requently in or throughout a work
211442048	Fable	A brief story, usually with animal characters, that teaches a lesson, or moral
211442049	Figurative language	A device used to produce figurative language
211442050	Genre	kinds or types of literature
211442051	Homily	A sermon or morally instructive lecture.
211442052	Hyperbole	An overstatement or exaggerated way of saying something
211442053	Iambic	A foot in poetry with one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable
211442054	Imagery	Anything in a literary work that calls up sensations of sight, taste, smell, touch, heat, pressure
211442055	Infer	To conclude or decide from something known or assumed; derive by reasoning
211442056	Invective	A violent vebal attack, strong criticism, curses; an abusive term
211442057	Inverted order of a sentence (sentence inversion)	Constructing a sentence so the predicate comes before the subject
211442058	Irony	an implied contrast
211442059	Juxtaposition	A poetic and thetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of suprise and wit
211442060	Language	The entire body of words used in a text
211442061	Literal/figurative language	Language that employs words in their ordinary meanings
211442062	Litotes	Understatement employed for the purpose of enhancing the effect of the ideas expressed. contains a negative
211442063	Loose sentence	a sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows
211442064	Lyric	A melodic poem that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker
211442065	Metaphor	A comparison like a simile but usually implied and without a comparative words such as "like or as"
211442066	Metonymy	the use of the name of one thing for that of another associated with or suggested by it. (white house for the President)
211442067	Mock heroic	burlesquing or mocking heroic manner, action, or hcaracter
211442068	Monometer	A verse wirtten in one-foot lines
211442069	Mood	the atmosphere of literary work.
211442070	Motif	A main theme or subject
211442071	Myth	A fictional tale that explains the actions of gods or heroes or the causes of natural phenomena.
211442072	Narrative	The telling of any story, or the story itself, the plot
211442073	Natural order of a sentence	Construction a sentence so the subject comes before the predicate
211442074	Novel	A fictional prose narrative, usually long enough to be published in a book by itself
211442075	Onomatopoeia	The use of words that sound like what they mean
211442076	Oxymorom	A figure of speech in which opposite or controdictory ideas or terms are combined.
211442077	Parable	A brief story, usually with human characters, that teaches a moral lesson.
211442078	Paradox	A Statement that seems contradictory, unbelievable, but that may actually be true
211442079	Parallelism (structure)	Refers to grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or parts of a sentence
211442080	Parallelism (repitition)	Refers to the repeated use of phrases, clauses or sentences that are similar in structure or meaning
211442081	parody	literary work that makes fun of another work, type of work, or author by imitating and exaggerating the qualities of its subject
211442082	Pedantic	A unnecessary display of scholarship lacking in judgement or sense of proportion.
211442083	Periodic Sentence	Sentence that postpones the main idea to the end, addition information at the beginning to build interest.
211442084	Personification	The treatment of an object or an absttract idea as if it were a person
211442085	Point of View	In fiction, the person or intelligence the writer creates to tell the story to the reader
211442086	Prose	The ordinary form of written or spoken language; without ryhme or meter, speech or writing that is not poetry.
211442087	Prosody	The science or art of versification
211442088	Pun	Play on words that are identical or similar in sound but have sharply diverse meanings.
211442089	Repetition	A device in which words, sounds, and ideas are used more than once to enhance rythym and create emphasis
211442090	Rhetoric	The skill of using spoken or written communication effectively
211442091	Rhetorical Modes/or Forms of Discourse	Narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative.
211442092	Rhetorical question	A question that expects no answer.
211442093	Rhyme Scheme	A regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem.
211442094	Romance	A story that presents remote or imaginative incidents rather than ordinary, commonplace experiences.
211442095	Sarcasm	A taunting, sneering, cutting remark; gibve or jeer
211442096	Satire	A literary work that ridicules various aspects of human behavior
211442097	Semantics	The nature, structure, development and changes of the meanings of speech forms or contextual meaning.
211442098	Sentence Structure	How a speaker or author constructs a sentence affects what the audience understands.
211442099	Shift	A change of feelings by the speaker from the beginning to the end, paying particular attentin to the conclusion of the literature
211442100	Simile	the comparison of two different things/ideas through the use of the words "like" or "as"
211442101	Simple sentence	Sentence that contains one subject and one verb.
211442102	soliloquy	lines in a drama in which a character reveals his thoughts to the audience, but to no other character
211442103	Sonnet	A fourteen-line lyric poem focused on a single theme.
211442104	Split order of a sentence	Sentence that divides the predicate into two parts with the subject coming in the middle (In California oranges grow)
211442105	Stream of consciousness	A narrative technique that presents thoughts as if they were coming from a character's mind.
211442106	Style	A group of different aspects of writing that have to do with the wirter's way of saying something.
211442107	Syllogism	An argument or form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a logical conclusion drawn from them.
211442108	Symbolism	A thing or action that is made to mean more than itself.
211442109	Synecdoche	A form of a metaphor, using a part of something to represent the whole thing
211442110	Synesthetic imagery	Detail that moves from the stimulation of one sense to a response by another sense, as a certain odor induces the visualizaiton of a certain color.
211442111	syntax	Consists of sentence structure and word order,
211442112	tetrameter	A verse written in four-foot lines
211442113	Theme	What the author is saying about the subjects in his work
211442114	Tone	The writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject and the audience
211442115	Tragedy	A serious play typically dealing with the problems of a central character, leading to a unhappy or disastrous ending.
211442116	Trimeter	A Verse written in three-foot lines
211442117	Trite	Is applied to something, especially an expression which through repeated use has lost its origianl freshness
211442118	Trochaic	A foot in poetry with one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable
211442119	Understatement (meiosis)	A kind of irony that deliberately respresents something as being much less than it really is. The opposit of hyperbole.
211442120	Vernacular	Using the native language of a country or place
211442121	Vignette	A short, delicate literary sketch.
211442122	Induction	A process in logic that involves moving from a number of particular cases to a general conclusion that all instances of the type investigated will conform to that type
211442123	Inductive leap	Because we cannot test every instance (past,present,future) we take the leap from "most" or "some" to "all". We reach a generalization.
211442124	Tests for generalization	1) A fair number of instances must be investigated. 2) The instances investigated must be typical. 3) If negative instances occur, they must be explained. Show that they are not typical and, therefore, need not be considered as signigicant.
211442125	Analogy	Inductive reasoning in which we assume that if two instances are alike in a number of important points, they will be alike in the point in question.
211442126	Deduction	A process in logic that involves reasoning from stated premises to the formally valid conclusion; reasoning from the general to the particular.
211442127	Syllogism	The formula of deductive reasoning. Major premise: statement universally accepted as true. Minor premise; major premise applied to a particular object or situation. Conlcusion: establishes the relationshiop of the object to the major proposition.
211442128	Distributed Middle Term	In order that the syllogism be valid, the formula must contain what is known as --------------- ----------- --------which means the word that is the subject of the sentence in the major premise must be part of the predicate in the minor premise. Although this type of syllogism is not the only one, it is the type most commonly used.
211442129	Begging the question	Assuming something to be true that really needs proof.
211442130	Ignoring the question	a question is set up so that argument is shifted to new ground, or an appeal is made to some emotional attitude having nothing to do with the logic of the case.
211442131	Equivocation	using the same term with different meaning
211442132	Non-sequitur	(Latin, literally; "It does not follow"). The conclusin does not follow the preceding arguments.
211442133	Faulty Dilemma	the major premise presents a choice that does not exhaust the possibilities
211442134	Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc	(after this, therefore because of this) It attempts to prove that becase a second event followed a first event, the second event was a result of the first
211442135	Argumentum Ad Hominem	(Argument to the man) Turning from the issue to the character involved, usually a s an attack.
211442136	Ad misericordiam	An appeal for sympathy
211442137	Hypothesis Contrary to Fact	beginning with a premise that is not necessarily true and then drawing conclusions from it
211442138	Composition	arguing that a group must have the same qualities or characteristics as its members
211442139	Division	arguing that an individual must have the characteristics of the group
211442140	Dicto Simpliciter	an argument based on an unqualified generalization
211442141	Contradictory Premises	the main premises contradict each other
211442142	Over-generalizing (or Hasty Generalization)	Too few instances are presented to reach an accurate conclusion
211442143	Premise and the common ground	the terms of the premise must be accepted as true
211442144	False Analogy	wrongful comparisons of dissimilar situations
211442145	Ad Vericundiam	an appeal to general authority. "my teacher says...." "it says so in the bible"
211442146	Ad Populum	appeal to a crowd
211442147	Self-Evident truths	proceeding from an unwarranted assumption to a foregone conclusion (time is money)
211442148	Guilt (or innocence) by association	use of irrelevant connections to accuse or vindicate
211442149	Either/or fallacy	requires absolutes which do not allow for intermediate cases "Do you want to go to college or dig ditches all your life?"
211442150	Appeals	rational, ethical, emotional
211442151	Argument	data, claim, warrant,
211442152	Classicism	A movement or tendency in art, music, and literature to retain the characteristics found in work originating in classical Greece and Rome. It differs from Romanticism in that while Romanticism dwells on the emotional impact of a work, classicism concerns itself with form and discipline.
211442153	Romanticism	Literary and artistic movement of the 19th century, one that arose in reaction against 18th century Neoclassicism and placed a premium on fancy, imagination, emotion
211442154	Realism	A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be
211442155	Naturalism	literary movement of the 19th and 20th centuries. tended to view people as hapless victims of immutable natural laws.
211442156	Transcendentalism	An American literary and philosophical movement of the 19th century. They respected the individual spirit and the natural world, believing that divinity was present everwhere, in nature and in each person.
211442157	Modernism	It attempted to capture the essence of modern life in the 20th century in both from and the content of their work. Uncertainty, bewilderment, and apparent meaninglessness of modern life were common themes in literature.
211442158	Postmodernism	Refers to the collection of literary movements that have developed in the decades following World Ward II.