Chemistry of life, Biology Chapter Two

Chapter 2 terms

	The smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
	A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
	A substance made up of the joined atoms of two or more different elements.
	The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance; it can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded togeather.
	An atom, radical or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge.
	An attraction between substances of the same kind.
	An attraction between different substances.
	A proccess powered by adhesion that causes water molecules to move upward through a narrow tube such as the stem of a plant.
	A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance.
	Compounds that form hydrgen ions when dissolved in water are called...
	Compoundes that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution are called...
	Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1.
	The building blocks of carbohydrates are single sugars such as glucose and fructose.
	Are double sugars formed when two monosaccharides are joined.
	Such as starch, are chains of three or more monysaccharides.
	A large molecule made of many smalles molecules.
	A polysaccharide that prvides structural suppost for plants.
	Nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mostly insoluble in water. They include fats, phospholipds, steroids, and waxes.
	Make up the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.
	Lipids that store energy.
	A long chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms bonded to them.
	A fatty acid were bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms, that can store a lot of energy. They are also Relatively straight molecules such as animal fats,butter, lard and grease that are solid at room temprature.
	A fatty acid were the carbon atoms are linked by a "double" covalent bond each with only one hydrogen atom producing kinks in the molecule such as olive oil, fish and vegetable oils. These are generally liquid at room temprature.
	A usually large molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids.
	The building blocks of proteins which can be electrically charged.
	A long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides.
	Is made up of a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group. This contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms.
	Consists of two strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other. Chromosomes contain long strands of these which store heredity information.
	Consists of a single strand of nucleotides or of based paired nucleotides.Plays a key role in the manufactoring of proteinss.
	A biological molecule that is a single nucleotide with two extra energy storing phosphate groups.
	The ability to move or change matter.
	A process during which chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new ones are formed. Producing one or more different substances.
	The starting materials for chemical reactions.
	The newly formed substances.
	The energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called...
	Substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions.
	Substances that reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction.
	a substance on which and enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.
	Assists in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide,H202, a toxin formed in the cells.
	The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate.