Ap world Flashcards

285490413	archaelogical	_____________ evidence indicates that during the Paleolithic era, hunting-foraging bands of humans gradually migrated from their origin in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas, adapting their technology and cultures to new climate regions.	0
285490414	fire	Humans used ____ in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators, and to adapt to cold environments.	1
285490415	tools	Humans developed a wider range of _____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra.	2
285490416	kinship	Economic structures focused on small _______ groups of huntingforaging bands that could make what they needed to survive. However, not all groups were self-sufficient; they exchanged people, ideas, and goods.	3
285490417	neolithic revolution	Beginning about 10,000 years ago, the _________ ___________ led to the development of new and more complex economic and social systems.	4
285490418	climate change	Possibly as a response to ________ _______, permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean. Agriculture emerged at different times in Mesopotamia, the Nile River Valley and Sub-Saharan Africa, the Indus River Valley, the Yellow River or Huang He Valley, Papua New Guinea, Mesoamerica, and the Andes.	5
285490419	pastorialism	__________ developed at various sites in the grasslands of Afro-Eurasia.	6
285490420	domesticated	Different crops or animals were _____________ in the various core regions, depending on available local flora and fauna.	7
285490421	Agricutural	__________ communities had to work cooperatively to clear land and create the water control systems needed for crop production.	8
285490422	pastoralist	These agricultural practices drastically impacted environmental diversity. _________ also affected the environment by grazing large numbers of animals on fragile grasslands, leading to erosion whenovergrazed.	9
285490423	transform	Agriculture and pastoralism began to __________ human societies.	10
285490424	increased the population	Pastoralism and agriculture led to more reliable and abundant food supplies, which _________ ___ ____________	11
285490425	Specialization of labor	Surpluses of food and other goods led to _______ __ ____, including new classes of artisans and warriors, and the development of elites.	12
285490426	technological innovations	_________ ___________ led to improvements in agricultural production, trade, and transportation.	13
285490427	plows, metallurgy	examples of improvements in agricultural production, trade, and transportation: • Pottery • _____ • Woven textiles • ________ • Wheels and wheeled vehicles	14
285490428	elite	In both pastoralist and agrarian societies, ____ groups accumulated wealth, creating more hierarchical social structures and promoting patriarchal forms of social organization.	15
285490429	agriculture	Core and foundational civilizations developed in a variety of geographical and environmental settings where _________ flourished.	16
285490430	Mohenjo-Daro, Chavin	examples of core and foundational civilizations: • Mesopotamia in the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys • Egypt in the Nile River Valley • _________ and Harappa in the Indus River Valley • Shang in the Yellow River or Huang He Valley • Olmecs in Mesoamerica • ______ in Andean South America	17
285490431	core	The first states emerged within ____ civilizations.	18
285490432	states	______ were powerful new systems of rule that mobilized surplus labor and resources over large areas. Early ______ were often led by a ruler whose source of power was believed to be divine or had divine support and/or who was supported by the military.	19