AP world history 17-18 Flashcards
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| 286294175 | Columbian Exchange | transfer of peoples, plants, animals and diseases between Old and New Worlds. | 0 | |
| 286294176 | Council of the Indies | Created in Spain, 1524, to supervise government, ecclesiastical and commercial activity in the colonies. Power was limited by geography and technology. | 1 | |
| 286294177 | Bartolomé de Las Casas | Priest in Hispaniola, 1474-1566. Tried to protect Amerindians thgough books and the New Laws of 1542 that banned slavery/limited forced labor. | 2 | |
| 286294178 | Potosí | single richest silve deposit in 1545, in current-day Bolivia. | 3 | |
| 286294179 | encomienda | system of forced labor where Amerindian peoples were forced to work for settlers and provide them with textiles, food, or other goods. | 4 | |
| 286294180 | creoles | whites born in America to European parents. They ranked lower on the social scale, controling colonial agriculture and mining. | 5 | |
| 286294181 | mulattos | people with mixed European and African descent | 6 | |
| 286294182 | mestizos | people with mixed European and Amerindian descent | 7 | |
| 286294183 | indentured servants | English practice. Same ethnicity as free settlers, paid for passage with 4-7 years of work. 80% of people used this. | 8 | |
| 286294184 | House of Burgesses | Virginia town representatives meet in the beginning of democratic representation. | 9 | |
| 286294185 | Pilgrims | Came first to America and wanted to break completely with the Church of England. Failed Plymouth expierement to establish church community. | 10 | |
| 286294186 | Puritans | wanted to purify the Church of England, not break. Recieved a company charter. | 11 | |
| 286294187 | Iroquois Confederacy | Alliance of Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca. Dutch traded with them | 12 | |
| 286294188 | New France | Founded by Samuel de Champlain. at Quebec on banks of St. Lawerence River in 1608. | 13 | |
| 286294189 | coureurs de bois | "runners of the woods", young Frenchmen sent to learn for fur trade. Children were métis | 14 | |
| 286294190 | Tupac Amaru II | Peruvian Amerindian well connected in the Spanish colonial world. Revolted, death of 100,000. | 15 | |
| 286294191 | Royal African Company | association of English investors, 1672, with a charter giving them exclusive trade rights to trade in Africa. Slaves, ivory and other products. | 16 | |
| 286294192 | Atlantic system | System that moved goods and wealth, peoples and cultures around the Atlantic. The slave trade and plantation slavery were crucial. | 17 | |
| 286294193 | chartered companies | Created to promote national claims w/out expense. Groups of private investors got monopolies over trade for annual fees. | 18 | |
| 286294194 | Dutch West India Company | Company created to carry Dutch fight for independence from Spain overseas. It was part of the navy and a private trading company with large dividends. | 19 | |
| 286294195 | plantocracy | plantation colony structure where small number of very rich owned most, few estate managers and govt. officials, maybe small farmers, and then slaves. | 20 | |
| 286294196 | driver | privileged male slave who got gang to complete it's work. | 21 | |
| 286294197 | seasoning | period of adjustment to a new environment where 1/3rd of slaves died | 22 | |
| 286294198 | manumission | legal grant of freedom to one slave. Created large free black communities where owners would free impregnated slaves. | 23 | |
| 286294199 | maroons | escaped black slave communities. Jamaica's signed treaties allowing their freedom in return for supressing slave revolts. | 24 | |
| 286294200 | capitalism | system of large banks, stock exchanges and chartered trading companies that reduced investors risks and increased profit. | 25 | |
| 286294201 | mercantilism | policy to accumilate capitol with precious metals. Armed force when necessary. Chartered companies came from this. | 26 | |
| 286294202 | Atlantic Circuit | clockwise network of sea routes at heart of the Atlantic System. Europe, to Africa, to Americas, to Europe. | 27 | |
| 286294203 | Middle Passage | second leg of Atlantic system that transported slaves to the Americas | 28 | |
| 286294204 | Songhai | Empire of West Africa from Mali that was pushing into South. Defeat by smaller Morocco using guns. | 29 | |
| 286294205 | Hausa | trading cities in central Sudan that got caravans with textiles, hardware and weapons. Sent back gold, slaves and caffeine-rich kola nut, cotton textiles and leather goods. | 30 | |
| 286294206 | Bornu | central Sudanese kingdom that grew from guns and horses. | 31 |