ap human geography chapter 6 key terms
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| set of sounds, combinations of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication | ||
| one that is published, widely distributed, and purposefully taught | ||
| variants of a standard language along regional or ethnic lines | ||
| geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs, but such a boundary is a rarely simple line | ||
| means that two people can understand each other when speaking | ||
| linguists think of them as distributed across space | ||
| closely related languages; at a global scale they can be clasified as... | ||
| divisions within a language family | ||
| Slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily or through a language family from the present backward toward its origin. | ||
| from jones's notions and grimm's ideas came the first major linguistic hypothesis, proposing the existence of an ancestral indo-european language called... | ||
| Linguistics use this technique to track sound shifts and hardening of consonants "backward" toward the original language | ||
| language without any native speakers | ||
| technique using the vocubulary of extinct language to re-create the language that proceeded the extinct language | ||
| proto-indo-european language ancient ancestor | ||
| whena lack of spatial interaction among speakers of a language breaks the new language | ||
| when people with different languages have consistent spatial interaction and their languages collapse into one | ||
| One major theory of how proto-indo-europena diffused into europe; holds that early speakers of Proto-indo-european spread westward on horseback | ||
| Hypothesis which holds that the Indo-European languages that arose from Proto-Indo-European were first carried eastward into Southwest Asia, next around the Caspian Sea, and then across the Russian-Ukrainian plains and onto the Balkans. | ||
| lie in the areas that were once controlled by the Roman Empire but were not subsequently overwhelmed | ||
| reflect the exppansion of peoples out of northern europe to the west and south | ||
| developed as slavic people migrated froma base in present- day Ukraine close to 2000 years ago | ||
| a languageused among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerse | ||
| language created when people combine parts of their language into a simplified structure | ||
| a pidgin language that has developed a more complex structure and vocabulary and has become the native language of a group of people | ||
| countries in which only one language is spoken | ||
| countries in which more than one language is spoken | ||
| The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents. | ||
| a common language of trade and commerce used aound the world | ||
| uniqness of a location | ||
| place name |