Part V Chapters 21-26 Flashcards
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| 302641131 | role of Aztec (Mexica) women | -honored as mothers -controlled by father/ husband -jobs in marketplaces or making crafts -domestic work -purpose is to bear children | 0 | |
| 302641132 | Throughout history, what have been the source of slaves? | -prisoners of war -criminals -debtors | 1 | |
| 302641133 | Why were Europeans interested in maritime trade? | -maritime routes to India and China -avoid spread of bubonic plague on the silk roads -eliminate Muslim intermediaries -better diets for wealthy | 2 | |
| 302641134 | English and Dutch advantages over Portuguese | -faster and cheaper ships -new joint-stock companies | 3 | |
| 302641135 | Dutch policy in Indonesia | -concentrated on spice trade -set up Batavia on the island Java for the VOC to profit from Chinese and Malay trade | 4 | |
| 302641136 | Songhay religion | -mostly Islamic to maintain good relations with Muslim merchants in northern Africa -still consulted pagan diviners and magicians | 5 | |
| 302641137 | causes of the bubonic plague | -rodent disease spread by fleas -when rat population decreased, the fleas sought human hosts | 6 | |
| 302641138 | effects of the bubonic plague | -devastated populations -extreme labor shortages -urban workers demanded higher pay and often left in search of better conditions | 7 | |
| 302641139 | Afonso I of Kongo | -king of Kongo -converted to Christianity to improve Portuguese relations | 8 | |
| 302641140 | obstacles to Portuguese control of Angola | -Queen Nzinga -resistance | 9 | |
| 302641141 | Louis XIV | -King of France, the "sun king" -built Versailles -Seven Years' War-expand his kingdom | 10 | |
| 302641142 | consequences of the peace of Westphalia | -end of Thirty Years' War (1648) -European system of independent, equal, competing states (monarchies) -smaller wars between states continued | 11 | |
| 302966442 | Council of Trent (causes/ effects) | -response to Protestant Reformation (clarify differences, persuade people to return) -assembly of high church officials who discussed theology in councils -increased morality standards for church officials -built schools and seminaries | 12 | |
| 302966443 | chinampa system | -system of agriculture -bringing fertile muck from the bottom of the lake to small plots of land -allowed growth during the dry season -sometimes allowed seven harvest per year | 13 | |
| 302966444 | role of Mexica priests | -presided over crucial religious ceremonies | 14 | |
| 302966445 | Conquistadors | -Spanish "conquerors" -brought down Aztec Empire (Mexico) and Inca Empire (Peru) -steel swords, guns, horses, and epidemic disease devastated indigenous populations | 15 | |
| 302966446 | What did Europeans trade with Africans in exchange for slaves? | -guns -manufactured goods -horses | 16 | |
| 302966447 | Why were the Portuguese interested in Brazil? | -able to create very lucrative sugar plantations | 17 | |
| 302966448 | How and why did Christianity and Islam spread to sub-Saharan Africa? | -spread through trade -improved relations with north African and European merchants -foundation for political and social alliances | 18 | |
| 302966449 | putting-out system | -Capitalist entrepreneurs delivered unfinished materials to rural households, and sold them when they were done -rural labor was plentiful cheap, so they were able to profit | 19 | |
| 302966450 | How did Hongwu rule China? | -established Ming dynasty -eliminated all traces of Mongol rule -reestablished Confucian educational and civil service systems -centralized bureaucracy with mandarins (ensured local officials implemented imperial policy) and eunuchs (performed government services) | 20 | |
| 302966451 | What advantages did the Dutch and English have over the Portuguese when it came to trade and exploration? | -faster and cheaper ships -joint-stock companies | 21 | |
| 302966452 | Which European country explored the Pacific more than the others? | -Britain -Captain James Cook •three expeditions to the Pacific •charted Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, and Hawaii •lots of time on tropical islands | 22 | |
| 302966453 | causes of European exploration (4 G's of exploration) | -Gold: luxury items such as spices, silk, and exotic foods -Glory: more power and land -God: spread religion (Christianity, Islam) -Gear: technology, resources | 23 | |
| 302966454 | mestizo | -"mixed" -Spanish/ Portuguese+Indigenous -because of few European women in the Americas -South America -Europeans, Europeans born in America, mestizos/ mixed, natives & slaves | 24 | |
| 302973768 | Ptolemaic universe (impact on science and religion) | -motionless earth surrounded by nine hollow concentric spheres that revolved around it -located heaven beyond the spheres -caused interest and thought leading to the Scientific Revolution | 25 | |
| 302973769 | Incan leader during its time of expansionism | Pachacuti, the "earthshaker" | 26 | |
| 302973770 | Treaty of Tordesillas | -imaginary north-south line drawn; Spanish got west of the line, Portugal got the east -Portuguese: got ideal land for sugar -Americas: cathedrals, spoke Spanish and Portuguese, govt and business | 27 | |
| 302973771 | How did the Inca impose order on the people they conquered? | -long, brutal battle -take hostages from their ruling classes, forcing them to live in the Inca capital -provided uncooperative with choice land and economic benefits -forced rebels to resettle | 28 | |
| 302973772 | Adam Smith | -argued that capitalism would ultimately improve society as a whole | 29 | |
| 304381816 | Why, in the end, was Portugal not able to be a power house in maritime trade? | -stopped looking for new routes -lacked resources (small country) | 30 | |
| 304381817 | What role did the Mongols play in trade along the Silk Roads? Maritime trade? | -spread of plagues -started exploration of SE Asia because of technological developments, such as the compass | 31 | |
| 304381818 | Impact of Australian aborigines on their surrounding areas? The world? | -only those in their geographic region -pagan beliefs for their specific location | 32 | |
| 304381819 | accomplishments of the Fulani | -founded powerful Islamic states in Africa -built Islamic schools in Africa | 33 | |
| 304381820 | beliefs of humanist moral philosophers | -literature, history, philosophy -Christian-based -translated the New Testament -nuns and monks=most honorable callings -a good Christian can still participate in marriage, business relationships, public affairs | 34 | |
| 304445066 | How did the people of the eastern hemisphere interact with one another from 1000-1500 | -trade -communication -large Mongol empire=political foundation for cross-cultural interaction -missionaries -long distance travel and exploration -technological diffusion -spread of disease | 35 | |
| 304445067 | What happened to native populations of the Philippines under Spanish rule? | -created bustling trade centers (Manila) -trade for Chinese silk very valuable -spread Christianity | 36 |