AP U.S. history (U.S. colonies) Flashcards

people/places that influenced the u.s. colonization

212932812	Hernan Cortes	the conquistador that conquered the Aztecs	0
212932813	Encomienda	Spanish labor system in the new world (teach native Spanish and convert them-they work for you)	1
212932814	Leif Eriksson	Viking, discovered America 500 years before Columbus	2
212932815	Amerigo Vespucci	reason why america isn't called Columbia	3
212932816	Beringia	Land bridge that the first Asians crossed 35,000-40,000 years ago	4
212932817	Francisco Pizarro	Spanish conquistador who conquered Atahualpa and the Incas	5
212932818	Martin Luther	Help start the protestant reformation when he put his 95 theses on the church door	6
212932819	Peter Minuit	Purchased Manhattan Island for $24 (in trinkets and goods)	7
212932820	Bartholomeu Dias	first explorer (Portuguese) to reach the southern tip of Africa in 1488	8
212932821	Henry VIII	the king who created the Anglican Church	9
212932822	Protestant Reformation	Movement against Catholic church from Martin Luther (95 theses) and the idea of faith alone	10
212932823	Giovanni De Verrazano	French explorer (actually Italian) sent by King Francis I (1524) to find a northwest passage explored; explored the coast of North America	11
212932824	Aztecs	Native American Society that practiced human sacrifice and ruled central Mexico and founded Tenochtitlan (mexico city)	12
212932825	Peninsular	People in Spanish New World- Born in Europe	13
212932826	Philip II	King of Spain, sent the Spanish Armada to destroy England (but was defeated- weakening Spain and empowering England)	14
212932827	Sea Dogs	English "Pirates" who attacked spanish ships	15
212932828	Georgia	Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 as a debtors haven and also served as a buffer state between (rich) South Carolina and Spanish Florida	16
212932829	Huguenots	People in France who converted to calvanism	17
212932830	Sir Francis Drake	Sea Dog- first Englishman to sail around the world	18
212932831	Hacienda	Large Spanish estates in the New World with crops and herbs (think encomienda)	19
212932832	Marco Polo	he helped inspire exploration and increased demand for goods from Asia by writing a book about his travels to China in the late 1200s	20
212932833	Portugal	which European country was the first to enter the age of exploration by sailing down the coast of Africa	21
212932834	Amerigo Vespucci	The Americas were named after this Italian navigator	22
212932835	Maize	staple crop of many native american societies spread out of Mexico	23
212932836	Mulatto	People in Spanish New World 1 parent European, 1 parent African	24
212932837	Jacques Cartier	french sailor who explored the St. Lawrence river region between 1534 and 1542, he searched for a northwest passage.he found no such passage but claimed Canada for the French	25
212932838	Roanoke	first English settlement in the New World. it was off coast off North Carolina, established in 1587. Settlement failed and no one knows what became of the people who first settled there	26
212932839	Hernan Cortes	a Spanish conquistador who went to the west indies in 1504. in 1519 he established Veracruz, the first Spanish colony in Mexico. by 1521, he had conquered the Aztec empire using horses, gunpowder, and steel weapons.	27
212932840	Roger Williams	1636, banished from Massachusetts, traveled south where he founded the colony of Rhode Island	28
212932841	Father Marquette	a Jesuit missionary and fur trader, he and Louis Joliet explored the upper Mississippi river in 1673	29
212932842	Jesuits	Catholic Missionaries strictly opposed protestants yet worked wit non-Christians very well	30
212932843	William Penn	English Quaker, who founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before	31
212932844	Treaty of Tordesillas	signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494, dividing all future discoveries in the New World between their respective nations	32
212932845	Robert de La Salle	Explored Mississippi River and claimed Louisiana for France (in honor of Louis XIV- the Sun King)	33
212932846	John Calvin	a leader of the protestant Reformation believed in predestination (god had already decided who was saved)	34
212932847	Juan Ponce de Leon	Spanish explorer who was trying to find the fountain of youth, instead in landed in Florida	35
212932848	Encomienda	method established by the Spanish in order to enslave native american populations. The Spanish crown would give land to Spaniards, but recipients were obligated to care for their native slaves	36
212932849	Incas	Inhabited the Andes Mountains in South America, built elaborate road systems, spoke Quechua, and had a strong central government.	37
212932850	Delaware	Founded by:Swedish, Lutherans Argued and fought with Peter Stuyvesant and acquired by the Dutch in 1655 in 1703 became a Quaker Colony	38
214784072	Giovanni de Verrazano	Italian explorer in-service of France, explored eastern coast of North America, 1st europena to discover New York Harbor and Narragansett Bay,	39
214784073	Jacques Cartier	first European to explore the St. Lawrence River	40
214784074	Samuel De Champlain	"Father of New France"...founded the first permanent french colony at Quebec(1608) also discover Lake Champlain(1609)	41
214784075	Robert de la Salle	sailed down the Mississippi river, and founded Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV. And built first sailin vessel to navigate the Great Lakes	42
214784076	French	_____ claimed Canada,Great Lakes, and Mississippi River. control of St. Lawrence R., The Great Lakes, and Mississippi R. provided them with a Natural Highway to interior of North America.	43
214784077	French	_____ established few large settlements in "New France" as an empire in North America. After 150 years, inhabited by only 80,000 settlers.	44
214784078	Sir Walter Raleigh	founded Roanoke, even though it disappeared without a trace and later known as The Lost Colony	45
214784079	Henry Hudson	Who sailed through Hudson Strait and first European to enter Hudson Bay (1610)?	46
214784080	Sir Humphrey Gilbert	Who made two unsuccessful attempts to colonize Newfoundland(in 1578 and 1586)?	47
214784081	Elizabeth I	Which queen who sent sea dogs that preyed on spanish treasure ships?	48
214784082	King Philip II	Who sent Spanish Armada to conquer England, but failed?	49
214784083	New World	What place attracted: landless and poor people religious freedom adventurers who hoped to acquire riches	50
214784084	John Smith	Who had the credit for saving Jamestown, Virginia. but returned to England which caused the colony to almost perish.	51
214784085	Starving Time	the 1st harsh winter in Jamestown, Virginia, when John Smith returned to England due to injury. (which caused the colony to almost perish)	52
214784086	John Rolfe	Who introduced cultivation of Tobacco ,product acquired from Indians.	53
214784087	Jamestown	was the first English settlement in America	54
214784088	Indentured Servants	were poor people that agreed to work without wage for a period of years, in exchange for their passage to the New World	55
214784089	Dutch	brought the first African to the New World to be purchased as indentured servants	56
214784090	Powhatan	wanted to drive out colonists, was about to kill John Smith but ,as legend says it, Pocahontas intervened and saved him	57
214784091	Pocahontas	Powhatan's daughter, and was said to have saved John Smith's life from her Indian tribe	58
214784092	Williamsburg	settlement north of Jamestown ,site of the College of William and Mary, became the capital of Virginia in 1699	59
214784093	Anglican Church	16th century, became England's official church in which everyone had to support it or else they would be fined or inprisoned	60
214784094	Puritans	wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church from within it.	61
214784095	Separatists	reformers, that broke away from the Anglican Church to setup independent churches that continued their beliefs.	62
214784096	Pilgrims	separatists that set sail for america on the Mayflower in September 1620	63
214784097	Mayflower Compact	colonists established a government of their own in which 41 male adults signed and pledged to enact just and equal laws for the common good.	64
214784098	Squanto	which Indian showed pilgrims how to grow corn and where to hunt and fish	65
214784099	Pilgrims	which type of people set aside a day for the year's blessing and invited the Indians to join the celebration of peace and plenty later known as thanksgiving	66
214784100	George Calvert	first Lord Baltimore, made a haven for Catholics, in Maryland	67
214784101	Mason-Dixon Line	boundary dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland which later became famous as the boundary between the free states and the slave states.	68
214784102	William Penn	Quaker, founded Pennsylvania	69
214784103	Georgia	founded by James Oglethorpe, as a barrier from Spanish Expansion and as a refuge for debtors for a fresh start in the New World.	70
214784104	New England	_____colonies: New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut	71
214784105	Middle Colonies	Type Colonies: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware	72
214784106	Southern Colonies	Type Colonies: Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia	73
214784107	Cash Crops	crops grown for sale rather than for a farmer's own use	74
214784108	Middle Colonies	known as the "Bread Colonies" had moderate sized farms	75
214784109	New England Colonies	had small farms main crop corn(maize) produced primarily for family	76
214784110	Southern Colonies	small farms, later plantation arose main crops:Tobacco Indigo Rice large tracts of fertile land were available	77
214784111	Plantation	large farms worked by slaves and/or indentured servants	78
214784112	Harvard	first college in the English colonies founded by the puritans at Cambridge, Massachusetts 1636 to train young men for the ministry	79
214784113	Puritans	founded Yale in Connecticut and Dartmouth in New Hampshire	80
214784114	Puritans	established the first public school system in the colonies	81
214784115	New England Confederation	main purpose was to provide a united defense against Indians, Dutch, and French.consisted of two representive from each colony but dissolved in 1684 but known as the first colonal attempt to form a union.	82
214784116	King Philip's War	Chief Massasoit's son tried to drive out the colonists in a war(1675-1678) but Indians lost and left the power in New England was permanently broken.	83
214784117	Dominion of New England	(1686-1689) James II united New England colonies, New York, and New Jersey into a single royal providence	84
214784118	Glorious Revolution	A Boston mob attacked Andros forced James II,king of England,to surrender and overthrown and send him back to England. New king restored the Dominion of New England to individual colonies	85
214784119	The Zenger Trial	argument of the right to expose and oppose an unjust government	86
214908650	Virginia House of Burgesses	established in 1619, first representative assembly in America. people elected representatives to have a voice in the government	87
214908651	Mayflower Compact	a government derives its authority from the people and retains power only as long as the people support it	88
214908652	Fundamental Orders of Connecticut	first written constitution, that defines the authority and outlines the form of a government	89
214908653	Blue Laws	Quakers being strict: no laughter no stage plays no gambling	90
214908654	Philadelphia	"city of brotherly love"	91
214908655	Pennsylvania	founded by William Penn "inner light" "holy experiment" Lovers not fighters	92
214908656	New York	(New Netherlands) founded by dutch and later conquered by English Duke OF York 6144	93
214908657	New England Colonies	Massachusetts,Rhode Island,Connecticut,New Hampshire 1st public school small subsistence farms, diverse crops	94
214908658	Middle Colonies	-New York,New Jersey, Pennsylvania,Delaware -super diverse(ethnically and religiously) -"Breadbasket" -moderate state diverse farms	95
214908659	Southern Colonies	-Virginia,Maryland,North Carolina,South Carolina, Virginia -cash crops, plantation agriculture	96