Unit 5 Flashcards

303252167	Astrolable	tool used to find longitude and lattitude by using sun and star	0
303252168	Bartolomeo Dias	Portuguese. In 1488 rounds the Cape of Good Hope and enters Indian Ocean basin	1
303252169	Circumnavigation	traveling around something (by ship or plane)	2
303252170	Columbian Exchange	The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.	3
303252171	Compass	navigational instrument for finding directions	4
303252172	Dutch united east India company	where the states-general of the netherlands(dutch) granted a 21 year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in asia	5
303252173	English east India company	An early joint-stock company; were granted on English royal charter with the intention of favoring trade privileges in India.	6
303252174	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.	7
303252175	Galleon	a large square-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts	8
303252176	Immunities	protection from laws or punishment	9
303252177	James cook	English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779)	10
303252178	Lateen sails	Triangular sail on a short mast	11
303252179	Middlemen	in trading systems, those dealers who operate between the original buyers and the retail merchants who sell to consumers.	12
303252180	Northwest passage	water route to asia through North America sought by european explorers	13
303252181	Seven years war	Worldwide struggle between France and Great Britain for power and control of land	14
303252182	Siberia	a vast Asian region of Russia	15
303252183	Vasco da gama	Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. (p. 428)	16
303252184	30 years war	(1618-1648) This Bourbon vs. Habsburg War resulted from a conflict between the Protestant Union and the Catholic League in the Holy Roman Empire	17
303252185	95 thesis	written by Martin Luther in 1517, they are widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. Luther used these theses to display his displeasure with some of the Church's clergy's abuses, most notably the sale of indulgences; this ultimately gave birth to Protestantism.	18
303252186	Adam smith	Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790)	19
303252187	Anglican church	the national church of England (and all other churches in other countries that share its beliefs)	20
303285206	Capitalism	an economic system based on private ownership of capital	21
303285207	Charles V	Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and the Council of Trent (1545-1563).	22
303285208	Copernicus	Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)	23
303285209	Council of trent	an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Reformation	24
303285210	Diet of worms	Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw.	25
303285211	Divine right	belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.	26
303285212	Enlightenment	a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions	27
303285213	Excommunicate	exclude from a church or a religious community	28
303285214	Glorious revolution	the revolution against James II	29
303285215	Heresy	a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion	30
303285216	Indulgences	pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment	31
303285217	Jesuits	Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.	32
303285218	John Calvin	French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion	33
303285219	Joint-stock companies	an association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock, much like a corporation except that stockholders are liable for the debts of the business	34
303285220	Kepler	German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)	35
303285221	King Henry VIII	Founder of the church in England and ruled England from 1509-1547. He broke the Catholic church because he couldn't get a divorce	36
303285222	Locke	English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)	37
303285223	Louis XIV	king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715)	38
303285224	Martin Luther	a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.	39
303285225	Montesquieu	French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)	40
303285226	Newton	English mathematician and physicist	41
303285227	Peace of Westphalia	the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648	42
303285228	Peter I	czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government	43
303285229	Protestant	the Protestant churches and denominations collectively	44
303285230	Puritans	Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.	45
303285231	Putting out system	system of merchant-capitalists "putting out" raw materials to cottage workers for processing and payment that was fully developed in England	46
303285232	Recant	formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure	47
303285233	Reformation	a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches	48
303285234	Versailles	a palace built in the 17th century for Louis XIV southwest of Paris near the city of Versailles	49
303285235	Voltaire	French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)	50
303285236	Cortes	Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)	51
303285237	Creoles	descendents of Spanish-born BUT born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status	52
303285238	Encomienda	A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it	53
303285239	Engenho	Brazilian sugar mills; term symbolized entire complex world of everything relating to the production of sugar.	54
303285240	Hacienda	the main house on a ranch or large estate	55
303285241	Hispaniola	Caribbean island, present day Haiti and the Dominican Republic	56
303285242	Indentured servant	Laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America	57
303285243	Indigenous	originating where it is found	58
303285244	Mestizo	a person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry)	59
303285245	Mita system	The system recruiting workers for particularly difficult and dangerous chores that free laborers would not accept.	60
303285246	Mulattoes	People of African and European descent	61
303285247	Peninsulares	Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class	62
303285248	Pizarro	Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)	63
303285249	Smallpox	a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars	64
303285250	Taino	native americans who lived where columbus first landed	65
303285251	Treaty of tordesillas	Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.	66
303285252	Viceroy	governor of a country or province who rules as the representative of his or her king or sovereign	67
303285253	Ghana empire	Located on the North banks of the Nile river. Extensive trade with Berbers	68
303285254	Mali empire	Formed in 1240 when Sundiata took control of Ghana Empire. It controlled trade across Sahara, the South and the Niger River.	69
303285255	Songhay empire	Portion of Mali after that kingdom collapsed around 1500; this empire controlled Timbuktu.	70
303285256	Kingdom of Congo	outlet of the Congo River, southwest Africa	71
303285257	Queen nzinga	Leader who ruled in Angola and spent almost 40 years battling Portuguese slave traders	72
303285258	Capetown	Originally in a base to provide food for Dutch Ships to Spice Islands, it became an area of moderate climate and freedom from tropical disease that made it attractive to settlers	73
303285259	Fulani	a family of languages of the Fulani people of West Africa and used as a lingua franca in the sub-Saharan regions from Senegal to Chad	74
303285260	Syncretic religions	religions, or strands within religions, that combine elements of two or more belief systems.	75
303285261	Middle passage	the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade	76
303285262	African diaspora	the forced removal of Africans from their homeland to serve as slaves in the Americas	77
303285263	Olaudah equiano	sold into slavery at age 11; after gaining freedom, he spoke out against slavery and published his autobiography	78
303285264	Bullion	gold or silver in bars or ingots	79
303285265	Daimyo	a japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai	80
303285266	Filial piety	in Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors	81
303285267	Gentry	the most powerful members of a society	82
303285268	Infanticide	murdering an infant	83
303285269	Manchu	the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries	84
303285270	MandarinS	members of the elite class of civil servents in Chinese government	85
303285271	Ming dynasty	A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia	86
303285272	Qing dynasty	the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries; during the Qing dynasty China was ruled by the Manchu	87
303285273	Shoguns	military leaders of the Bakufu	88
303285274	Tokugawa	The administration (shogun) that introduced Japan's policy of isolationism	89
303285275	Abbas the great	Safavid shah (1587-1629); extended the empire to its greatest extent; used Western military technology.	90
303285276	Mehmed II	also calle Mehmed the Conqueror, Murad's son, conquered Constaninople in 1453 and opened it to new citizens of many religions and backgrounds. The rebuilt city was renamed Instanbul.	91
303285277	Mughal empire	a period of Muslim rule of India from the 1500s to the 1700s	92
303285278	Osman	most successful warrior and "founder" of Ottomans	93
303285279	Safavid	The shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in persia between the 16th and 18th centuries	94
303285280	Sikhism	the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam	95
303285281	Wahabi	a member of a strictly orthodox Sunni Muslim sect from Saudi Arabia	96