AP Psych. Unit 1- Methods and Approaches- Chapter 1

	The tendency to believe after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
	Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
	An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations.
	A testable prediction; often implied by a theory.
	A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables.
	Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.
	An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
	A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them.
	The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.
	All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for a study.
	A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
	Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
	A statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.
	A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables.
	The perception of a relationship where none exists.
	A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process.
	An experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the staff are ignorant about who has received the real medication, and who has received the placebo.
	Experimental results caused by expectations alone. Effect or behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to be an active agent.
	The condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. (With treatment)
	The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. (Without treatment)
	Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
	The experimental factor that is manipulated; The variable whose effect is being studied.
	The factor (behavior) that is being measured.
	The most frequently occurring score in a distribution.
	The arithmetic average; add the scores and divide by the # of scores.
	Middle score in a distribution.
	The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.
	A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
	How likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.
	The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
	A random error in gene replication that leads to a change in the sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity.
	The characteristics by which people define male and female.