Chapter 3 (vocabulary)

	every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
	the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
	threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
	a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up chromosomes
	the biochemical units of hereditary that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
	the complete instructions for making an organism consisting of all the genetic material in the organism's chromosomes
	twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms
	twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs -they are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but shared a fetal environment
	a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
	the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes -the ________ of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied
	the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)
	the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
	the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection
	the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that increased reproduction and survival that will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
	a random error in gene replication that leads to a change
	in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
	the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
	an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior, the prescribe "proper" behavior
	the buffer zone that people like to maintain around our bodies
	giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
	giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly
	physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
	a sex chromosome found in both men and women -Females have two of them, whereas men only have one (a __-chromosome from each parent creates a female child)
	the sex chromosome found only in males -when paired with a x-chromosome from the mother it produces a male child
	the most important sex hormones -both males and females have it, but the additional ______ in males stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
	a set of expectations (norms) about social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
	a set of expected behaviors for males and for females
	one's sense of being male or female
	the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
	the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
	a theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly