intro to psych and social psych

82843834	Wilhelm Wundt	german physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879
82843835	William James	founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology, father of American psych
82843836	Edward Titchener	student of Wundt; popularized the method of introspection, structuralism
82843837	Functionalism	stressed importance of how behavior functions to allow people and animals adapt; early school of psych that emphasized studying purpose of behavior and mental experiences, no longer exists, behavior is a function of your environment
82843838	Structuralism	most complex conscious experiences can be broken down into elemental structures of feelings, breaking down of experiences into conscious structures
82843839	psychology	the science of behavior and mental processes
82843840	Biological Perspective	emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior--the body and brain
82843841	Humanistic Perspective	self-actualization, self-growth and free will, focus on the motivation of people to grow psychologically, influence of interpersonal relationships and choice
82843842	Psychodynamic Perspective	unconscious mind influences behavior, childhood experiences, repression, dreams, importance on unconscious influences, early life experiences
82843843	Cognitive Perspective	how info is processed, attention, memory, thinking, important role of metal processes in how people process info, think
82843844	Behavioral Perspective	focus on observable behaviors and fundamental laws of learning, study how behavior is acquired by environment, rewards and punishments, environmental interaction, we learn from observing
82843845	Evolutionary Perspective	application of the principles of evolution to explain psychological process, we act to survive=survival behaviours, Darwin, phobias
82843846	Cross Cultural/ socialcultural perspective	culture is key influence, traditions, norms, values, roles (gender) how culture influences behavior patterns
82843847	social psychologists	explore connections by scientifically studying how we think about, influence and relate to one another
82843848	group polarization	enhancement of a group's prevailing tendencies (inclinations)
82843849	attribution theory	suggests how we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation of the person's disposition--fritz heider
82843850	groupthink	mode of thinking that occurs when desire for harmony in a decision, making group overrides a realistic appraisal of other options, the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
82843851	fundamental attribution error	tendency for observers to underestimate impact of situation and over estimate impact of personal disposition (personality)
82843852	minority influence	The power of one or two individuals to sway majorities.
82843853	attitudes	feelings based on our beliefs that predispose our reactions to objects, people and events
82843854	self fulfilling prophecies	occurs when expectations about a person cause the person to behave in ways that confirm the expectations
82843855	foot-in-the-door phenomenon	tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger one
82843856	prejudice	An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. it generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
82843857	Philip Zimbardo	created stanford prison experiment, psychologist
82843858	stereotypes	generalized belief about a group
82843859	Standford Prison Experiment	philip zimbardo randomply assigned college students to either be prisoners or guards and watched how they became the characters they were assigned--lasted only 6 days
82843860	discrimination	unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members
82843861	cognitive dissonance theory	we act to reduce discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent, Leon Festinger
82843862	ingroup	"Us" - people with whom one shares a common identity
82843863	conformity	adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard
82843864	outgroup	"them"—those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup.
82843865	Solomon Asch	conformity; showed that social pressure can make a person say something that is obviously incorrect ; in a famous study in which participants were shown cards with lines of different lengths and were asked to say which line matched the line on the first card in length
82843866	ingroup bias	the tendency to favor one's own group
82843867	normative social influence	we are sensitive to social norm, avoid rejection
82843868	scapegoat theory	the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
82843869	informational social influence	when we accept others' opinions about reality
82843870	just-world phenomenon	tendency to believe the world is just--good is rewarded and evil is punished
82843871	Stanley Milgram	social psychologist, undertook famous experiment, obedience to authority; had participants administer what they believed were dangerous electrical shocks to other participants; wanted to see if Germans were an aberration or if all people were capable of committing evil actions
82843872	social traps	a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
82843873	social facilitation	stronger performance in others' presence
82843874	mere exposure effect	the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 759)
82843875	social loafing	tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal
82843876	altruism	unselfish regard for the welfare of others
82843877	deindividuation	abandoning normal restraint to the power of the group, less self conscious and restrained
82843878	bystander effect	the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
83988256	Sigmund Freud	psychoanalysis;
83988257	maslow	humanistic psych
83988258	carl rogers	humanistic psych
83988259	pavlov	dogs, behaviorism
83988260	b.f. skinner	behaviorism, reward and punishment
83988261	watson	american behaviorism, "baby albert" babies`
83988262	structuralism	introspection; breaking down of experiences into conscious structures
83988263	functionalism	behavior is a function of your environment
83988264	behaviorism	overt behaviors that can be observed
83988265	psychoanalysis	unconscious thoughts
83988266	humanistic psych	free will, best potential