WHAP Vocab # 3 Flashcards

268109280	Toltecs	Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of the sedentary agricultural area in Mesoamerica; established capital of Tula following migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic including cult of human sacrifice	0
268109281	Aztecs	The Mexica; one of the nomadic tribes that used political anarchy after fall of Toltecs to penetrate into the sedentary agricultural zone of Mesoamerican plateau; established empire after 1325 around shores of Lake Texcoco	1
268109282	Inca	Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire in Andean civilization c. 1438	2
268109283	Chinampas	rectangular lands to grow crops on (usually in shallow lake beds, etc.)	3
268109284	ayllus	Households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from some common, sometimes mythical ancestor.	4
268109285	mita	Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control	5
268109286	quipu	System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records	6
268109287	Tenochtitlan	Founded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica	7
268109288	Neo-Confucians	a more rationalistic and secular version of Confucianism	8
268109289	footbinding	Chinese: feet were bound on young girls to stop growth	9
268109290	Jurchens	Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south	10
268109291	jinshi	Title granted to those students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office	11
268109292	junks	Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula.	12
268109293	flying money	money vouchers that could be cashed in for actual money in the destination city	13
268109294	gunpowder	black powder used for firearms and explosives	14
268109295	Chan Buddhism	Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society	15
268109296	pure land Buddhism	Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society	16
268109297	Sinification	Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam	17
268109298	Heian	Capital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated	18
268109299	bushido	samurai code	19
268109300	samurai	armored soldier of Japan; mounted troops, loyal to landlord, not emperor	20
268109301	seppuku	Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor	21
268109302	shogun	military leader of bakufu	22
268109303	daimyo	Warlord rulers of 300 small states following Onin War and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded ministates	23
268109304	tribute states	a state subordinate to a larger one	24
268109305	bushi	Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies	25
268109306	Fujiwara	Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power	26
268109307	khanates	Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan	27
268109308	Baibars	Commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians	28
268109309	Chinggis Khan	Born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227, prior to conquest of most of Islamic world	29
268109310	Kubilai Khan	Grandson of Chinggis Khan; commander of the Mongol forces responsible for the conquest of China; became khagan in 1260; established Sinicized Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1271	30
268109311	Golden Horde	One of the four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan's death; territory covered much of what is today south central Russia	31
268109312	Ilkhan khanate	One of four regional khanates, or subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan's death; located south of the Golden Horde; eventually conquered much of territory of Abbasid Empire	32
268109313	Ogadei	3rd son of Chinggis, Khan who extended Mongol territory	33
268109314	Karakorum	Capital of the Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan. Ogedei Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded Chinggis Khan as khagan of the Mongols following his father's death.	34
268109315	Ottoman Turks	turkish people in Ottoman empire	35
268109316	Hundred Years' War	Conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453; fought over lands England possessed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national states	36
268109317	Ibn-Rushd (Averroes)	Muslim theologist	37
268109318	Black Death	epidemic in Europe supposed to be brought by rats on the silk road (1348-1350)	38
268109319	ethnocentrism	belief that one's ethnicity is most important and correct	39
268109320	Ming Dynasty	1368 ~ 1644 was overrun by Mongol invaders. Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China	40
268109321	Mongols	people from Mongolia - conquered most of Asia. Central Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph.	41
268109322	inquisition	Catholic church fights against heretics	42
268109323	Marco Polo	Venitian merchant who connected Central Asia+China to Europe	43