world civilizations ap chapter 11 Flashcards

271243285	Indian	Misnomer created by columbus referring to indigenous people of new world; implies social and ethnic commonality among native americans that did not exist; still used to apply to native americans	0
271243286	toltec culture	succeeded teotihuacan culture in central mexico; strongly militaristic ethic including human sacrifice; influenced large territory after 1000 ce. declined after 1200 ce.	1
271243287	topiltzin	religous leader reformer of the toltecsin 10th century; dedicated to god quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exhile in the yucatan peninsula	2
271243288	quetzalcoatl	toltec deity;feathered serpent; adopted by aztecs as a major god	3
271243289	tenochitilan	founded c 1325 on marshy island in lake texcoco; became center of aztec power; joined with tlacopan and texcoco in 1434 to form a triploe alliance that controlled most of central plateau of mesoamerica	4
271243290	tialoc	major god of aztecs associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle; god of rain	5
271243291	huitzilopochtli	aztec tribal patron god; central figure of cult of human sacrifice and warfare; indentfied with old sun god	6
271243292	nezhualcoyotl	leader aztec king of the 15th centruy	7
271243293	chinampas	beds of aquatics weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane, and rooted in lakes to create floating islands; system of irrigated agriculture utilized by aztecs	8
271243294	pochteca	special merchant class in aztec society; specialized in long distance trade in luxury items	9
271243295	calpulli	clans in aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors	10
271243296	ayllus	households in andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from some common, sometimes mythical ancestor	11
271243297	pachacuti	ruler of inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave incas control of the region from cuzco to the shores of lake titicaca	12
271243298	twantinsuyu	word for inca empire; region from present day columbia to chile and eastward to northern argentina	13
271243299	split inheritance	inca practice of descent; all title and political pwer went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of cult of dead inca's mummy	14
271243300	temple of the sun	inca religous center located at cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past incas	15
271243301	tambos	way stations used by the incas as inns and storehouse; supply centers for inca armies on move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages	16
271243302	mita	labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of inca imperial control	17
271243303	inca socialism	a view created by spanish aithors to escribe inca society as a type of utopia;image of the inca empire as a carefullyorganized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole	18
271243304	yanas	a class of people within inca society removed from their ayllus to serve permanentlyas servants, artisans, or workers for the inca or the inca nobility	19
271243305	quipu	system of knotted strings utilized by the incas in place of a writing system; could numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records	20