AP World History- Midterm #2 Flashcards

307838412	Technology	use of science to achieve a practical purpose; applied science; engineering	0
307838413	Textiles	fabrics that are woven or knitted; material for clothing	1
307838414	Schism	a period of division in the Roman Catholic Church, 1378-1417, over papal succession, during which there were two, or sometimes three, claimants to the papal office	2
307838415	Doctrinal Differences	The use of documents to compare and contrast two religions.	3
307838416	Epidemic Disease	the rapid spread of a disease among many people	4
307838417	Guilds	Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests	5
307838418	Tax-Farming	A government's use of private collectors to collect taxes. Individuals or corporations contract with the government to collect a fixed amount for the government and are permitted to keep as profit everything they collect over that amount. (p. 334)	6
307838419	City-States	Different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers	7
307838420	Sovereignty	government free from external control	8
307838421	Mercenaries	a soldier who is payed to fight for another country or group (dont have enough soldiers so they can jsut go pay for others but it can be bad cause they can be bought off and they are not as willing to fight and you have to pay for them	9
307838422	Diasporas	the migration of religious or ethnic groups to foreign lands despite their continued affiliation with the land and customs of their origin	10
307838423	Syncretism	a blending of two or more religious traditions	11
307838424	Tribute System	A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies.	12
307838425	Infidel	one who does not accept a particular faith; unbeliever	13
307838426	Chartered Cities	A charter city is a city in which the governing system is defined by the city's own charter document rather than by state, provincial, regional or national laws.	14
307838427	Usury	the act of lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest	15
307838428	Sacraments	the sacred rituals of the Church	16
307838429	Caravel	A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. (p. 427)	17
307838430	Tariffs	Taxes on imports or exports	18
307838431	Conquistadors	spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain	19
307838432	Absolutism	a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)	20
307838433	Joint-Stock Companies	an association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock, much like a corporation except that stockholders are liable for the debts of the business	21
307838434	Excommunication	the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church	22
307838435	Slave Trade	European trade agreement with Africa dealing with slaves brought from Africa. Integral part of Triangle Trade between the Americas, Africa, and Europe.	23
307838436	Manumission	the formal act of freeing from slavery	24
307838437	Renaissance	The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history	25
307838438	Protestant	a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation.	26
307838439	Coerced Labor System	Forced Labor	27
307838440	Mercantilism	an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests	28