AP Human Geography, Rubenstein, Chap. 2

36475105	Age distribution	The proportion of individuals of different ages within a population. You can use an age distribution to estimat survival by calculating the difference in proportion of individuals in succeeding age classes.
36475106	Agricultural revolution	the development of farming
36475107	Arithmetic Population Density	The total number of people divided by the total land area.
36475108	capacity	the amount of people an area can support
36475109	Census	A complete enumeration of a population.
36475110	Child Mortality Rate	A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population.
36475111	Chronic Diseases	Generally long - lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies.
36475112	Crude Birth Rate (CBR)	The number of live births yearly per 1,000 people in a population. (natality)
36475113	Crude Death Rate (CDR)	The number of deaths yearly per 1,000 people in a population.
36475114	Demographic equation	NIR = CBR - CDR
36475115	Demographic momentum:	is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. This is important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model.
36475116	Demographic Transistion	High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain, this is followed by the convergence of birth rates and death rates at a low overall level.
36475117	Demographic Transition model:	the steps through which a society progresses.
36475118	demography	the scientific study of population characteristics
36475119	Dependency ratio	the number of people who can't work
36475120	disease diffusion	How disease spreads in a population. Hierarchical diffusion spreads from urban to rural areas. Contagious is spread through the density of people.
36475121	Dot Map	Maps where one dot represents a certain number of phenomenon such as population.
36475122	Doubling Time	the time it takes for an area's population to double
36475123	Ecumene	the area of land occupied by humans
36475124	Epidemiologic transition	The a distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition. Explains how countries' population changes.
36475125	Eugenic Population Policies	Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others.
36475126	Expansive Popluation Policies	Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth.
36475127	Exponential growth	growth by a percentile instead of a static number
36475128	Infant Mortality Rate	The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1000 live births in a society.
36475129	J-curve	The shape of a line graph of population graph when growth is exponential.
36475130	Life Expectancy	A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live.
36475131	Malthus, Thomas	British economist of late 1700's. considered the first to predict a population crisis.
36475132	medical revolution	the leap of medical knowledge in stage 2
36475133	Megalopolis	1) Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world. 2)
36475134	Mortality:	the rate at which people die
36475135	natality rate (NIR)	number of birth/ year to every 1000 people in the population
36475136	Natural Increase	Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths; does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements.
36475137	Natural increase rate (NIR)	CBR - CDR = NIR
36475138	Neo-Malthusians	group who built on Malthus' theory and suggested that people wouldn't just starve for lack of food, but would have wars about food and other scarce resources.
36475139	Overpopulation	too many people in one place for the resources available
36475140	physiological density	people supported by land / land area
36475141	Physiological Population Density	The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
36475142	Population Composition	Structure of population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education.
36475143	Population Density	A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land.
36475144	Population Distribution	Description of locations on Earth's surface where populations live.
36475145	Population Explosion	The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever- shorter doubling times and sccelerating rates of increase. 2) the sudden increase of population caused by the plummeting CDR in stage 2
36475146	Population projection	Estimation of future population growth, by extrapoliting from current trends and known growth factors.
36475147	Population Pyramids	A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.
36475148	Restrictive Popluation Policies	Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.
36475149	Sex ratio	the ratio of men to women
36475150	Standard of living	The goods a services and their distribution within a population
36475151	Stationary Population Level	The level at which a national population ceases to grow.
36475152	Sustainability	The level of development that can be maintained without depleting resources.
36475153	Total Fertility rate	the average number of children a woman has
36475154	underpopulation	A drop or decrease in a region's population.
36475155	Zero population growth (ZPG)	Where natural birth rate declines to equal crude birth rate and the natural rate of population approaches 0.