Chapter 8 History Terms Flashcards

269626272	Shi'ites	Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Al. It's the state religion of Iran.
269626273	Sunnis	Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing thw community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries.
269626274	Mecca	city in western Arabia. Birthplace of Muhammad and ritual center of Islam
269626275	Muhammad	Arab prophet. Founder of Islam.
269626276	Muslim	Adherent to the Islamic religion. A person who "submits" to the will of God.
269626277	Islam	religion expounded by prophet Muhammad, on the basis of his reception of divine relations. Calls on people to recognize one creator god- Allah
269626278	Medina	city in western Arabia to which Muhammad and his followers emigrated to escape persecution in Mecca.
269626279	Umma	the community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of 7th century Arabia
269626280	Caliphate	office established after Muhammad to rule the Islamic empire. Also the name of that empire
269626281	Quran	Book composed of divine revelations made to Muhammad. The sacred text of Islam.
269626282	Umayyad Caliphate	first hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs. They ruled an empire extending from Spain to India.
269626283	Abbasid Caliphate	Descendent of Muhammad's uncle. They ruled an empire extending from Spain to India
269626284	Mamluks	Turkish military slaves. Formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate.
269626285	Ghana	First known kingdom in sub-Saharan west Africa. Once known as the Gold Coast.
269626286	Ulama	Muslim religious scholars. The primary interpreters of Islamic laws and core of urban societies.
269626287	Hadith	A tradition relating the words or deeds of Muhammad. Second most important basis for Islamic law.