chapter 4 Flashcards

272993893	cyrus	conquered the fertile crescent. rules with mercy and compassion. did not force people to give up anything (only had to show loyalty)	0
272993894	cambyses	conquered Egypt. son of Cyrus. was crazy; his own soldies killed him	1
272993895	darius I	writes the same declaration in Cuneiform and in person on the behiston rock. conquered everything else form pakistan to eastern europe. tries to conquer greece but fails	2
272993896	xerxes	tries to invade greece 10 years after his father fails. wins and then loses	3
272993897	zoroastrianism	a monotheistic faith predating Christianity and Islam. idea of good vs evil and freewill.	4
272993898	dark ages	time period where nothing was really written down. illiad and odyssey were composed. people still sailed and colonized though	5
272993899	colonization	what makes it hard for Greek people to get to know eachother?	6
272993900	hellenistic period	form time of alexander until the rise of Rome	7
272993901	persian wars	first time Greeks ever had to come together. persians attack greece (especially athens).	8
272993902	peloppennesian war	war that goes on for about 20 years.	9
272993903	macedonia	conquers the greeks dont by phillip (said it was for their own good because persians were still out there	10
272993904	alexander the great	conqueres egypt and extends to the indus river valley. dies at age 33	11
272993905	etruscans	conquered the little village of Rome. where romans got the toga, and organization of army	12
272993906	punic wars	wars against the city of carthage (colony of the Phoenicians). rome wins all 3 wars.	13
272993907	2nd punic war	involved the general hannibal whose father had been defeated in the previous war. kills himself so that he wont be a prisoner of war	14
272993908	cato	a roman senator who claims that carthage must be destroyed	15
272993909	first triumvirate	caesar, pompey, and crassus.	16
272993910	2nd triumvirate	marc antony, octavian, and marcus lepedus	17
272993911	marc antony	who runs to egypt and meets cleopatra and becomes a father to her kids?	18
272993912	augustus caesar	adopted son of julius. means "exulted one". the first emperor.	19
272993913	caesar	term that means "emperor"	20
272993914	pontifus maximus	head priest of the religion	21
272993915	imperator	commander of the roman legions	22
272993916	tribune for life	has veto power over the senate	23
272993917	pax romana	200 year period in rome. sets the precedent of choosing a successor. "peace of rome"	24
272993918	marcus aurelius	was a beloved emperor who was a philospher. wrote books and knew to rule wisely. had the ability to think and to do what is right for the people	25
272993919	diocletian	made the decision to cut the empire in half	26
272993920	polis	a greek city-state	27
272993921	citizen	(in greece) had to be born in that city-state. had to be male of a certain age	28
272993922	free people	(in greece) not slaves, but women children and foreigners	29
272993923	aristocracy	"rule of the best"	30
272993924	athenian democracy	the only democracy in the ancient world.	31
272993925	limited democracy	citizens of all classes got to vore.	32
272993926	direct democracy	have to vote directly. had to show up once a week	33
273193682	senate	elected by Patricians. not really part of a democracy. serve for life. virtually a law making body	34
273193683	consuls	in charge of the military. there are 2	35
273193684	tribune	has the power to veto any rulings of the senate. to the common people "plebeians"	36
273193685	assemblies	sometimes elected, chosen or volunteers. give the senate things to talk about.	37
273193686	cincinnatus	asked by the Romans to become dictator. in less than 6 months, he handled crisis and went back to farming	38
273193687	dictator	only occured during times of crisis. usually 6 months. could be chosen to rule with limited power	39
273193688	emperor	has absolute power, pontifus maximus, is the imperator, and tribune for life	40
273193689	roman legion	was very well trained, disciplined, highly organized, but starts to loosen as the empire goes into decline	41
273193690	local autonomy	roman governors (some form the local people). still had to do what the emperor said.	42
273193691	bread and circuses	fed the people and entertained them with gladiators and chariot races etc.	43
273193692	twelve tables	12 tables that date all the way back to the early republic. laws to protect the rights of the plebeians.	44
273193693	philosopher	means "love of wisdom"	45
273193694	secular	non-religious	46
273193695	socrates	known for socratic method. taught students to question their parents. was put on trial for corrupting the youth of athens	47
273193696	plato	blamed everything on the government. did not have alot of faith in the state of democracy	48
273193697	aristotle	tried to figure out how the world functioned physically. thought more about the sciences	49
273193698	herodotus	writes about the persian wars. wasnt a very good historian (known as the father of history)	50
273193699	thucydides	writes about the pelopponnesian war. was a reliable historian.	51