Mckay AP Euro Flashcards

50223205	Black Death	The disease that moved from South to North
50223206	Joan of Arc	French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king during the 100 years war
50223207	Babylonian Captivity	The pope resided in Avignon
50223208	The Greath Schism	When there was more than one pope in Europe
50223209	John Wycliff	Believed that the scriptures alone should dictate Christian belief
50223210	Vernacular Literature	language spoken in their own regions, such as Italian, German, of French then put into writing
50223211	Dante	Wrote the divine comedies
50223212	The Prince	Written by Machiavelli
50223213	Despot	a dictator with absolute power
50223214	Oligarchy	a political system governed by a few people
50223215	The Courtier	Castiglione, explains the lifestyle of a proper gentleman, ex.) well-versed in poetry, literature, music, dance, etc.
50223216	Pope Sixtus IV	Built the Vatican library
50223217	Secularism	The belief in material things instead of religious things. This was a shift away from Medieval thinking.
50223218	Humanism	"New Learning"
50291873	Chaucer	wrote canterbury tales
50291874	Donetello	The Sculptor who led the way before Michelangelo
50291875	Michelangelo	Painted the Last Judgement
50291876	Charles V	Holy Roman Emperor from 1519-1556
50291877	Johnnes Guttenberg	Created the printing press
50291878	The 14th Century	First use of clocks (year)
50291879	Thomas More	Wrote Utopia and was later killed by King Henry VIII
50291880	Desiderius Erasmus	Wrote Praise of Folly; believed that everybody should study the Bible
50291881	Charles VII	Issued the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, allowing the French monarchy to appoint bishops
50291882	Court of the Star chamber	court where habeus copus was suspended, reduced aristocratic trouble, had star painted on ceiling
50291883	Hermandades	Spanish police force that curbed the rebellious aristocracy
50291884	New Christians	When the Jews where kicked out of Spain they were given the option to leave or become this...., the translation of the Spanish word conversos, referring to Spanish Jews who converted to Christianity in the fourteenth century in order to avoid persecution.
50291885	Duke of Saxony	Saved Martin Luther after the Diet of Worms
50291886	Martin Luther	Wrote the 95 Theses
50291887	John Tetzel	Sold indulgences in Wittenburg
50291888	Diet of Worms	Place where Martin Luther was asked to recant
50291889	Ulrich Zwingli	Introduced the reformation to Switzerland
50291890	Miner	Occupation of Matin Luthers' Father
50291891	Calvinism	believed in predestination, that God was all knowing and it became the dominant theological credo of the Puritans
50291892	Anabaptists	Belief that baptism shouldn't happen as a baby. Off shoots of the Anababtists were the Quakers and mennonite
50291893	John Knox	Brought Calvinism into Scotland
50291894	The Supremacy Act	Issued by King Henry VII declaring him king of the Anglican church
50291895	Edward VI	King Henry's only son, Wrote the Book of common prayer (Protestant)
50291896	Mary Tudor	Took control of England after King Edward's death (Catholic)
50291897	Queen Elizabeth	Created the Elizabethan Settlement, which allowed for outward conformity to the Anglican Church but alowed for home practices of the peoples religion of choosing
50291898	Council of Trent	Council Called to reform the church
50291899	Jesuits	A society that preached Christianity, was started by Ignatious Loyla
50291900	Huguenots	French name for Calvinists
50291901	St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre	A slaughtering of French Huguenots
50291902	Henry IV	Created the Edict of Nantes and Said "Paris is worth a mass"
50291903	Edict of Nantes	Granted French Huguenots freedom to practice Calvinism in 150 fortified towns
50291904	Union of Utrecht	7 Northern provinces not controlled by the Dutch
50291905	Spanish Armada	Attack on the Protestant British, plotted to Kill Queen Elizabeth.
50291906	Peace of Augsburg	Allowed for each prince to pick the religion of his choosing (protestantism or Catholicism)
50291907	30 year war	Protestant Union Vs. Catholic Union
50291908	Peace of Westphalia 1648	Treaty , This was the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War that recognized the independent authority of over three hundred German principalities
50291909	Age of Discovery	1450-1650 (Marco Polo, Cortez)
50291910	Caravel	A small ship developed by the Portuguese
50291911	Nocturnal	Instrument used to tell the time of night
50291912	Astrolabe	Instrument used to figure out the latitude of a ship
50291913	Mezitos	Half spanish - Half Native people
50291914	The Columbian Exchange	enormous widespread exchange of plants, animals, food, human population, diseases and ideas; one of the most significant events in the history of world ecology, agriculture and culture between America, Asia, Europe, and Africa.
50291915	Witch	Were burned at the stake for working with the devil
50291916	Michel de Montaigne	Wrote the Essay
50291917	Baroque Art	Part of the Counter Reformation. Displayed a religious theme, red and gold color scheme, dark (sinner) vs. light (saint), and was intensely dramatic. Early Baroque art was dominated by Spain.
50291918	Habsburg-Valois wars	Intermittent fighting between France and the Italian states
50291919	Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis	Treaty signed that ended the fighting between France and the italian states
50291920	Divine Right	Ruled in the name of God
50291921	Totalitarian Government	Ruled everything from the Economy to Music
50291922	Duke of Sully	Protestant Prime Minister to King Henry VII
50291923	Cardinal Richelieu	Prime Minister to King Louis XIII, divided France into 32 states and created intendant system for total power
50291924	Intedants	Placed in French states and were told to weaken region power
50291925	Siege of La Rochelle	French battle that weakened Protestant power
50291926	French Academy	Academy set up to manage the French Language
50291927	Raison detat	The law that allowed for any action to be justified by "doing it for the state"
50291928	Cardinal Marizan	Prime Minister to King Louis XIV, who increased royal revenues
50291929	Fronde	Opposition to the King of France
50291930	King Louis XIV	Known as Le Roi Soliel (The Sun King)
50291931	Versailles	Palace built in the Suburbs of Paris
50291932	Clergy	The First Estate
50291933	Nobility	Second Estate
50291934	Everyone Else	Third Estate
50291935	Jean-Babtiste Colbert	Created French Mercantilism (export more and import less)
50291936	Guilds	Craftsmen ordered in to them? under Colberts' reign
50291937	Revocation of the Edict of Nantes	THousands of Huguenots had to emigrate because of this revocation
50291938	Treaty of the Pyrenees	Trea, The treaty that ended fighting between France and Spain that continued after the Thirty Years' War; the treaty marked the end of Spain's status as a major European power.
50291939	Philip of Anjou	Charles II of Spain left him to be the heir
50291940	Peace of Utrecht	Ended Louis XIV's attempts to gain military power and land. Marked the end of French expansionist policy. Ended the War of Spanish Succession.
50291941	consubstantiation	The bread and wine undergo a spiritual change.
50291942	Transubstantiantion	as taking communion, wine becomes blood, wafer becomes body (catholic)
50291943	Eucharist	The taking of the bread and the wine
50291944	Miguel de Cervantes	Wrote Don Quixote
50291945	King James I	English King who believed in divine rights and who was the heir to Queen Elizabeth
50291946	Puritans	Wanted to Completely rid the Anglican Church of Catholicism
50291947	King Charles I	Heir to King James, dissolved the parliament because they wouldn't allow for more taxing
50291948	Oliver Cromwell	Military dictatorship, regulated the British economy and took over the government after the execution of Charles I
50291949	Charles II	Restored the houses of Parliament, He also made a deal with the French in order to relax the laws against Catholics
50291950	James II	Brother of King Charles II, Appointed Roman Catholics in all governmental positions in order to stop anti-catholic fears
50291951	John Locke	Wrote the "Second Treatise of Civil Government" and believed in natural rights
50291952	Navigation Acts	Only British ships could ship between England and the Colonies
50291953	Fredrick I	The Great Elector of Brandenburg
50291954	Hereditary Subjungation	Peasant are bound to their land
50291955	Sultan Sulieman the Magnificent	Great Ottoman Sultan
50291956	Pragmatic Sanction	Law that allowed for a women to rule the Habsburg Empire and for the Habsburg lands to never be divided
50291957	Fredrick III	Prussian king who greatly admired Louis XIV
50291958	Fredrick William I	Prussian King who loved his army and tall soldiers. Created the 4th largest army in Europe
50291959	Junkers	Prussian word for nobles
50291960	Cossacks	Group of Eastern European people who escaped the Kings reign
50291961	Service Nobility	Nobility that held land for the Tsars specific use
50291962	Tycho Brahe	Built Observatory in the Netherlands, Had a pet moose
50291963	Galileo	This scientist formulated the experimental method and using this, came up with the law of inertia, among several discoveries related to the moon
50291964	Kepler	This astronomer stated that the orbits of planets around the sun were elliptical, the planets do not orbit at a constant speed, and that an orbit is related to its distance from the sun
50291965	Copernicus	Believed sun was the center of the universe
50291966	Newton	This physicist developed the law of universal gravitation and further caused the decline of the old system of science
50291967	Fancis Bacon	Created the scientific method of Empiricism
50291968	Rene Descartes	Created the scientific method of deduction
50291969	Salons	Place for philosophes to converse
50291970	Catherine the Great and Joseph II	Two of the enlightened monarchs during the Enlightenment
50291971	Adam Smith	Creator of the modern government
50291972	Edward Jenner	Created the first smallpox vaccine using cowpox
50291973	Illegitimate Children	The result of premarital sex
50291974	Killing Nurses	Nurses that kill the child
50291975	Wet Nurse	Nurse that breast fed for the mother
50291976	Foundling homes	Place for orphaned children
50291977	Just Price	Fair and equal prices for goods
50291978	potato	New food that was initially fed to pigs
50291979	John Wesley	Organizer of the Holy Club which became the first Methodist
50291980	Bourgoise	The French upper middle class
50291981	The stamp acts	Taxes on many American goods
50291982	Flight of flight of varennes	When King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette fled
50291983	Reign of Terror	The Squashing of anti-revolutionaries by the committee of public safety
50291984	Declaration of Rights of Man 1789	First French Constitution
50291985	Sansculottes	The laboring French poor
50291986	The index	List of banned books
50291987	Maximillian Robespierre	Revolution French leader
50291988	Napoleon	French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)
50291989	Napoleonic code	Code which took away women's rights, husband had absolute power
50291990	Concordant of 1801	An agreement in which the pope was to give up all his claims to French land acquired during the revolution, and to allow France to have its own French Bishops. The French had to recognize Catholism as the religion of the majority of French People.
50291991	Spinning Jenny	The machice H, This machine played an important role in the mechanization of textile production. Like the spinning wheel, it may be operated by a treadle or by hand. But, unlike the spinning wheel, it can spin more than one yarn at a time. The idea for multiple-yarn spinning was conceived about 1764 by James Hargreaves, an English weaver. In 1770, he patented a machine that could spin 16 yarns at a time. (643, 727)
50291992	Water frame	1780's; Richard Arkwright; powered by horse or water; turned out yarn much faster than cottage spinning wheels, led to development of mechanized looms
50291993	Newcommen	First Person to create a steam engine
50291994	Watt	Produced a more efficient steam engine
50291995	The Rocket	The fist locomotive, went 16mph
50291996	William Cockerill	Englishman who slipped out the country to share British Secrets with other countries
50291997	Factory Acts of 1833	Limited factory workdays for children between 9-13 to 10 hours a day
50291998	Mine Acts of 1842	Prohibited mine work for all women and children
50291999	The combination Acts	The Act that outlawed unions
50292000	Robert Owen	Man who Created the first union
50292001	Chartist demands	The right for universal suffrage
50292002	Metternich	Conservative Prime Minister of Germany , a German-Austrian politician and statesman, and one of the most important diplomats of his era. He was a major figure on the negotiations leading to and at the Congress of Vienna and is considered both a paradigm of foreign policy management and a major figure on the development of diplomacy.
50292003	Tallyrand	french foreign minister who represented France in Congress of Vienna